THE ONTOLOGY OF THE FRAGMENT: RETHINKING TOTALITY IN FRIEDRICH SCHLEGEL

Öz

This study aims to reconsider the transformation of the concept of “totality” within the history of philosophy through the lens of Friedrich Schlegel’s understanding of the fragment. The idea of totality, which held a central position as an ontological and epistemological principle in Ancient and Medieval thought, underwent a distinct phase of transformation in the modern period as the relationship between knowledge and being was redefined. In this context, the study seeks to demonstrate how Schlegel’s thought, embodied in the form of the fragment, operates as a creative reconstruction of this idea of totality. Schlegel’s fragment positions itself against both the closed and completed notion of totality in classical philosophy and the claim of absoluteness inherent in the modern concept of system; yet, without entirely rejecting totality, it reconstructs it as an open and infinite process. The research is conducted through a text-centered critical method, focusing on Schlegel’s works such as Critical Fragments, Athenaeum Fragments, and Ideas. The fundamental principle of this method is to reveal the interrelation of conceptual, formal, and linguistic structures within the texts. As a result, Schlegel’s fragment transforms totality without negating it, employing the concepts of circularity, incompletion, and dialogical relationality. Thus, it comes to represent the idea of open totality as an act of thought transcending itself through an awareness of its own limits.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Philosophy
• Ontology
• Wholeness
• Fragment

FRAGMANIN ONTOLOJİSİ: FRIEDRICH SCHLEGEL’DE BÜTÜNLÜĞÜN YENİDEN DÜŞÜNÜLÜŞÜ

Öz

Bu çalışma, “bütünlük” kavramının felsefi tarih içindeki anlam dönüşümünü, Friedrich Schlegel’in fragman anlayışı bağlamında yeniden düşünmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Antik Çağ ve Orta Çağ düşüncesinde ontolojik ve epistemolojik bir ilke olarak merkezi konumda bulunan bütünlük fikri, modern dönemde bilgi ile varlık arasındaki ilişkinin yeniden tanımlanmasıyla farklı bir evreye dönüşmüştür. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Schlegel’in fragman biçiminde somutlaşan düşüncesinin, bu bütünlük fikri üzerinden yaratıcı bir yeniden kurma girişimi olarak nasıl işlediğini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Schlegel’in fragmanı hem klasik felsefenin kapalı ve tamamlanmış bütünlük anlayışına hem de modern düşüncenin sistem fikrinde içkin olan mutlaklık iddiasına karşı konumlanır; buna karşın bütünlüğü tümüyle reddetmeyip, onu açık ve sonsuz bir süreç olarak yeniden kurar. Araştırma Schlegel’in Eleştirel Fragmanlar, Athenaeum Fragmanları ve İdeler adlı eserleriyle metin merkezli eleştirel bir yöntemle yürütülmüştür. Yöntemin temel ilkesi, metinlerdeki kavramsal, biçimsel ve dilsel yapının karşılıklı ilişkisini açığa çıkarmaktır. Sonuç olarak Schlegel’in fragmanı, bütünlüğü yadsımadan, onu döngüsellik, tamamlanmamışlık ve diyalojik ilişkisellik kavramları aracılığıyla dönüştürür. Böylece düşüncenin kendi sınırlarını bilerek kendini aşma edimi olarak açık bütünlük fikrini temsil eder.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Felsefe
• Ontoloji
• Bütünlük
• Fragman

Kaynakça

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