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Montaigne and Rousseau on Natural Man
Abstract
Michel de Montaigne and Jean-Jacques Rousseau broadly share an outlook on what is known as “the noble savage” – in this paper referred to as “natural man” – yet their conception of it is far from identical. This paper draws primarily on Montaigne’s “On Cannibals” and Rousseau’s A Discourse on Inequality to demonstrate that the differing approaches taken to natural man by the two philosophers result, in addition to certain similarities, in striking differences in their depictions of natural man. It shows that despite sharing the objective of critiquing their own societies through their depictions of natural man, Montaigne’s approach is evidence-based as he seeks an expansion of knowledge, whereas Rousseau’s is speculative as he seeks to answer a fundamental question in political philosophy. This paper reveals that the two approaches result in depictions of natural man that are similar as to his beneficial limited condition, his health, his simplicity of needs and the role of women. It then shows that the depictions of natural man differ greatly on the questions of his being solitary or communal, his ability to speak and the question of compassion and violence
Keywords
Kaynakça
- Ağaoğulları, M. A., (der.), Sokrates’ten Jakobenlere Batı’da Siyasal Düşünceler, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2015.
- Aristoteles Politika, çev. Mete Tunçay, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul, 1982.
- Copleston, Frederick, The Enlightenment, Continuum, London, 2003.
- Cranston, Maurice, “Introduction” and “Notes”, A Discourse on Inequality by Jean-Jacques Rousseau içinde, çev. Maurice Cranston, Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, 1984.
- Ellingson, Ter, The Myth of the Noble Savage, University of California Press, California, 2001.
- Frame, Donald M., Montaigne: A Biography, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., New York, 1965.
- Hampsher-Monk, Iain, A History of Modern Political Thought, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1992.
- Kelly, George Armstrong, “A General Overview”. Contained in The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau, ed. Patrick Riley, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001, s. 8-56.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
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Bölüm
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Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
1 Eylül 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi
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Kabul Tarihi
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Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 1970 Sayı: 22