HEIDEGGER’S TWO NIETZSCHE

Abstract

Between the years of 1936-1940 Heidegger gives lectures and seminars on Nietzsche. In 1961, he publishes these works in a book called Nietzsche. In the first part of this work, originally consisted of two volumes, Heidegger tries to determine the importance and place of Nietzsche in the history of Being. In this part, Nietzsche gains Heidegger's acclaim as a thinker who reaches back to pre-Socratic thought and revives the forgotten question of Being. After 1937 Heidegger gives up his affirmative interpretation of Nietzsche and takes a critical stance against him. Heidegger claims that in Nietzsche's philosophy, the question of Being has fallen further away from human than it has ever been and Nietzsche's way of thinking that values everything embodies human as well as other beings. In the last analysis, Nietzsche's philosophy becomes a metaphysics of destruction. In this direction, the article will seek answers to questions such as why Heidegger has developed two different perspectives on Nietzsche, what thoughts are contained in two different Nietzsche expression, what kind of way should be followed to make Heidegger's interpretation of Nietzsche intelligible.

Keywords

• Being
• Metaphysics
• Eternal recurrence
• Will to power
• Objectification

HEIDEGGER'IN İKİ NIETZSCHE'Sİ

Öz

Heidegger 1936-1940 yılları arasında Nietzsche üzerine dersler ve seminerler verir. 1961 yılında ise bu çalışmalarını Nietzsche adında kitaplaştırır. Orijinali iki ciltten oluşan bu eserin ilk bölümünde Heidegger Nietzsche’nin varlık tarihi bakımından önemini ve yerini belirlemeye çalışır. Bu bölümde Nietzsche pre-Sokratik düşünceye uzanan ve sonrasında unutulan Varlık sorununu canlandıran bir düşünür olarak Heidegger’in takdirini toplar. 1937’den sonra Heidegger olumlayıcı Nietzsche yorumunu terk eder ve ona karşı eleştirel bir tavır alır. Burada Heidegger Nietzsche’nin felsefesinde Varlık sorununun hiç olmadığı kadar insanın uzağına düştüğünü ve her şeye değer biçen düşünce tarzının diğer varolanlarla birlikte insanı da nesneleştirdiğini iddia eder. Son tahlilde Nietzsche’nin felsefesi bir yıkım metafiziği halini alır. Bu doğrultuda makale, Heidegger Nietzsche’yi yorumlarken neden iki farklı bakış açısı geliştirmiştir, iki farklı Nietzsche ifadesi içinde hangi düşünceleri barındırır, bu bağlamda Heidegger’in Nietzsche yorumunu anlaşılır kılmak için nasıl bir yol izlenmelidir gibi sorulara yanıt arayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Varlık
• Metafizik
• Sonsuz dönüş
• Güç istenci
• Nesneleştirme

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