Electoral Coalitions To Exit From Hybrid Regimes: A Research on The Hungary 2019 Local Election

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 26 - 50, 31.01.2020

Mustafa Cem Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2020.01.002

Cited By: 1

Öz

The success of electoral coalition has long been acknowledged for the peaceful exit from hybrid regimes. According to this, the opposition that goes to alliance in the repressive regimes first makes the field of competition more fair and then ensures the democratization of the regime. Although democratization literature focuses on general elections, local elections have gained importance since 1990s with increasing importance of local governments. In this study, we will discuss the electoral coalitions in local elections and argue that the local elections won by this strategy are effective in the exit from hybrid regimes. We will try to prove this claim through the 2019 local elections in Hungary.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hybrid Regimes, Competitive Authoritarian Regimes, Local Elections, Electoral Coalitions, Fidesz, Karacsony

Kaynakça

• Bajomi-Lázár, P. (2013). The party colonisation of the media: The case of Hungary. East European Politics and Societies, 27(1), 69-89.
• Bajomi-Lazar, P. (2017). Particularistic and universalistic media policies: Inequalities in the media in Hungary. Javnost-The Public, 24(2), 162-172.
• Bátorfy, A., & Urbán, Á. (2019). State advertising as an instrument of transformation of the media market in Hungary. East European Politics, 1-22.
• Biro-Nagy, A. (2017). Illiberal democracy in Hungary: the social background and practical steps of building an illiberal state. Illiberal Democracies in the EU: the Visegrad Group and the Risk of Disintegration, Barcelona: Color Marfil, SL.
• Bogaards, M. (2009). How to classify hybrid regimes? Defective democracy and electoral authoritarianism. Democratization, 16(2), 399-423.
• Bozóki, A., & Hegedűs, D. (2018). An externally constrained hybrid regime: Hungary in the European Union. Democratization, 25(7), 1173-1189.
• Bunce, V. J., & Wolchik, S. L. (2010). Defeating dictators: Electoral change and stability in competitive authoritarian regimes. World politics, 62(1), 43-86.
• Buzogány, A. (2017). Illiberal Democracy In Hungary: Authoritarian Diffusion Or Domestic Causation?. Democratization, 24(7), 1307-1325.
• Carothers, T. (2002). The end of the transition paradigm. Journal of democracy, 13(1), 5-21.
• Diamond, L. (2002). Elections without democracy: Thinking about hybrid regimes. Journal of democracy, 13(2), 21-35
• Donno, D. (2013). Elections and democratization in authoritarian regimes. American Journal of Political Science, 57(3), 703-716.
• Diamond, L., Plattner, M. F., & Walker, C. (Eds.). (2016). Authoritarianism goes global: The challenge to democracy. JHU Press.
• Dunai, Marton (2019). Liberal wins Budapest primary to face Orban's Fidesz in mayoral election. Reuters. https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN1TR2XP (Erişim, 11/2019).
• Feher, Margit (2012). Hungarian Newcomer Instantly Becomes Most Popular Opposition Force. The Wall Street Journal. https://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2012/11/08/hungarian-newcomer-instantly-becomes-most-popular-opposition-force/ (Erişim, 11/2019).
• Fox, J. (1994). Latin America's emerging local politics. Journal of Democracy, 5(2), 105-116.
• Gaal, Bence (2019). Karácsony wins opposition primary for Budapest mayor. Budapest Business Journal. https://bbj.hu/politics/karacsony-wins-opposition-primary-for-budapest-mayor_167666 (Erişim, 11/2019).
• Hakim, Danny (2014). How Did Hungary’s Election Become a Circus?. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/sunday-review/how-did-hungarys-election-become-a-circus.html (Erişim, 11/2019).
• Howard, M. M., & Roessler, P. G. (2006). Liberalizing electoral outcomes in competitive authoritarian regimes. American Journal of Political Science, 50(2), 365-381.
• Jambor, Andras (2019). Transforming the opposition in Hungary after the EP elections. Heinrich Böll Stiftung-The Green Political Foundation. https://www.boell.de/en/2019/07/03/transforming-opposition-hungary-after-ep-elections (Erişim, 11/2019).
• Landau, D. (2013). Abusive constitutionalism. UCDL Rev., 47, 189.
• Levitsky, S., & Way, L. A. (2010). Competitive authoritarianism: Hybrid regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge University Press.
• Magyar, B. (2016). Post-communist mafia state. Central European University Press.
• Martin, J. P. (2017). Continuity or disruption? Changing elites and the emergence of cronyism after the great recession–The case of Hungary. Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 8(3), 255-281.
• Mudde, Cas (2014). The 2014 Hungarian parliamentary elections, or how to craft a constitutional majority. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/04/14/the-2014-hungarian-parliamentary-elections-or-how-to-craft-a-constitutional-majority/ (Erişim, 11/2019).
• Ong, E. (2018). Opposing Power Over Time: Learning to Build Opposition Coalitions in Electoral Autocracies. Prepared for SEAREG-in-Asia 2018 at Yale-Nus.
• Rogers, S. (2019). Fidesz, the state-subsumption of domestic business and the emergence of prebendalism: capitalist development in an ‘illiberal’setting. Post-Communist Economies, 1-16.
• Scheppele, K. L. (2013). 1. Title: The Rule of Law and the Frankenstate: Why Governance Checklists Do Not Work. Governance, 26(4).
• Scheppele, K. L. (2014). Hungary: An Election in Question. http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1174&context=schmooze_papers (Erişim, 11/2019).
• Tóth, I. J., & Hajdu, M. (2016). Competitive Intensity and Corruption Risks in the Hungarian Public Procurement 2009–2015. The Corruption Research Center: Budapest, Hungary.
• Tóth, I. J., & Hajdu, M. (2018). How does the Kleptocratic State Work in Hungary?. Corruption Research Center, Budapest.
• Van de Walle, N. (2006). Tipping games: When do opposition parties coalesce?. Electoral authoritarianism: The dynamics of unfree competition, 77-94.
• Verseck, Keno (2012). Orbán Cements His Power With New Voting Law. Spigel Online. https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/hungarian-parliament-amends-election-law-a-864349.html
• Witte, Griff (2018). To stop Viktor Orban, Hungary’s opposition parties need to team up. But can they?. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/to-stop-viktor-orban-hungarys-opposition-parties-need-to-team-up-but-can-they/2018/03/20/e226f04c-2604-11e8-a227-fd2b009466bc_story.html (Erişim, 11/2019).