Understanding the Distributional Characteristics of the Gender Net Income Gap in Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: Toplumsal Cinsiyet Özel Sayısı, 476 - 494, 27.09.2025

Zeynep Gizem Can

https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1715875

Öz

This paper evaluates the gender income gap in Türkiye through an integrated analysis encompassing employment, wage, and occupational segmentation dimensions, as well as the effects of the tax-benefit system. Utilizing a microsimulation model combining a national tax-benefit framework with an income generation model, this study conducts counterfactual simulations to estimate gender income disparities absent market-related gaps. Findings reveal a significant gender gap of 71% in market income, narrowing to 67.5% when taxes and benefits are included. The redistributive effects of the tax-benefit system, though present, are limited. Occupational segregation and educational disparities, particularly among older and conservative populations, underscore persistent gaps. Addressing Türkiye’s gender gap will require transformative societal shifts in employment norms and sustained progress in educational attainment for women.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gender Gap , Türkiye , Microsimulation

Türkiye'de Toplumsal Cinsiyet Temelli Net Gelir Farkının Gelir Dağılımı Açısından İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki toplumsal cinsiyet gelir farkını istihdam, ücret ve mesleki segmentasyon boyutlarının yanı sıra vergi-fayda sisteminin etkilerini de kapsayan bütüncül bir analizle değerlendirmektedir. Ulusal bir vergi-fayda çerçevesini bir gelir yaratma modeliyle birleştiren bir mikro simülasyon modeli kullanan bu çalışma, piyasa ile ilgili boşlukların olmadığı cinsiyet gelir eşitsizliklerini tahmin etmek için karşı olgusal simülasyonlar yürütmektedir. Bulgular, piyasa gelirinde %71'lik önemli bir cinsiyet farkını ortaya koymakta, vergi ve yardımlar dahil edildiğinde bu fark %67,5'e düşmektedir. Vergi-fayda sisteminin yeniden dağıtıcı etkileri mevcut olsa da sınırlıdır. Mesleki ayrışma ve özellikle yaşlı ve muhafazakâr nüfus arasındaki eğitim eşitsizlikleri, kalıcı uçurumların altını çizmektedir. Türkiye'deki toplumsal cinsiyet uçurumunun giderilmesi için istihdam normlarında dönüştürücü toplumsal değişimler ve kadınların eğitim düzeylerinde sürekli ilerleme kaydedilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toplumsal Cinsiyet Farkı , Türkiye , Mikrosimülasyon

Etik Beyan

Etik Onay Yoktur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen Kurum Yoktur

Kaynakça

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