Development of a Production Process for Biomass-Based Activated Carbon via Hydrothermal Carbonization Method

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 326 - 336, 31.10.2024

Nida Katı , Ferhat Uçar

https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1473852

Öz

This study presents a process development including detailed characterization of hydrochars and activated carbons produced by hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation methods using apricot kernel shells (AKS). Initially, the AKS were processed by grinding, followed by subjecting them to hydrothermal carbonization at 240ºC for 24, 36, and 48 hours, resulting in three distinct hydrochars. Subsequently, these hydrochars were mixed with KOH for 3 hours and subjected to a carbonization process at 700°C for 1 hour to obtain activated carbons. Various characterization methods such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements were employed to determine the properties of the activated carbons. The results obtained indicate that the duration of the hydrothermal reaction increases the carbon content and leads to the formation of porous structures. Particularly, the chemical activation process was found to be effective in pore formation, as evident in SEM images. In conclusion, this study provides a detailed description of the characteristic properties of hydrochars, and activated carbons derived from AKS.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hydrothermal carbonization, Activated carbon, Apricot kernel shell

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK - FÜBAP

Proje Numarası

122M793 - ADEP23.19

Teşekkür

We gratefully acknowledge the support of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK), which has generously funded our research under Project Number 122M793. Also, some analyzes of the study have been conducted with the support of Fırat University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (FÜBAP) under the Project Number ADEP23.19.

Hidrotermal Karbonizasyon Yöntemiyle Biyokütle Bazlı Aktif Karbon Üretim Prosesinin Geliştirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, kayısı çekirdeği kabukları (KÇK) kullanılarak hidrotermal karbonizasyon ve kimyasal aktivasyon yöntemleriyle üretilen hidrokömürlerin ve aktif karbonların ayrıntılı karakterizasyonunu içeren bir süreç geliştirmeyi sunmaktadır. İlk olarak, KÇK öğütülerek işlenmiş, ardından 24, 36 ve 48 saat boyunca 240ºC’de hidrotermal karbonizasyona tabi tutularak üç farklı hidrokömür elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra, bu hidrokarbonlar 3 saat boyunca KOH ile karıştırılmış ve aktif karbonlar elde etmek için 700°C’de 1 saat boyunca karbonizasyon işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Aktif karbonların yapısal özelliklerini belirlemek için Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) yüzey alanı analizi, Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ve Enerji Dağılım Spektroskopisi (EDS), X-Işını Kırınımı (XRD) analizi ve Fourier-Transform Kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) ölçümleri gibi çeşitli karakterizasyon yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, hidrotermal reaksiyon süresinin karbon içeriğini artırdığını ve gözenekli yapıların oluşumuna yol açtığını göstermektedir. Özellikle, SEM görüntülerinden de anlaşılacağı üzere, kimyasal aktivasyon sürecinin gözenek oluşumunda etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma hidrokömürlerin ve KÇK’den elde edilen aktif karbonların karakteristik özelliklerinin ayrıntılı bir tanımını sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hidrotermal karbonizasyon, Aktif karbon, Kayısı çekirdeği kabuğu

Proje Numarası

122M793 - ADEP23.19

Kaynakça

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