Migration Studies at a Crossroads: A Critique of Immigration Regime Typologies

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 2, 152 - 187, 01.07.2015

Anna Boucher Justin Gest

Öz

International migration and its scientific examination have reached a crossroads. Today, migrants are pursuing opportunities in new destination societies with growing economies and different forms of governance from democratic states—transformations that complicate established understandings about national immigration models and their evolution. In light of these transformations, this article reviews the field of migration studies and its sketching of immigration patterns in the contemporary period. It critically examines existing systems of classification in a way that creates space for revised approaches. In doing so, this article identifies three key limitations with existing approaches. First, existing classifications largely focus on Western states, and especially traditional destination countries. Second, existing classifications are weakened by unclear or poorly defined indicators. Finally, even those classifications with improved indicators are hindered by approaches that examine admission and citizenship/settlement regimes independently of each other, ignoring a possible migrationintegration policy nexus

Anahtar Kelimeler

Migration, integration, regime, typology, crossroads, global

Göç Çalışmaları Dönüm Noktasında: Göç Rejimi Tipolojilerine İlişkin Bir Eleştiri

Öz

Uluslararası göç ve bilimsel incelemeleri bir dönüm noktasına ulaşmıştır. Günümüzde göçmenler gelişmekte olan ekonomileri ve demokrasiden farklı yönetim biçimleri bulunan yeni hedef toplumlardaki fırsatlara yönelmekte ve bunun neticesinde de ulusal göç modelleri ve bu modellerin evrimi hususundaki alışılagelmiş fikirleri zorlayan dönüşümlere neden olmaktadırlar. Bu dönüşümlerin ışığında bu makale, göç çalışmaları alanını ve bu çalışmaların çağdaş dönemde çizdiği göç modellerini gözden geçirmektedir. Mevcut sınıflandırma sistemlerini revize edilmiş yaklaşımlara yer bırakacak şekilde eleştirel bir yaklaşımla incelemekte, bunu yaparken de mevcut yaklaşımlardaki üç temel sınırlamayı ortaya koymaktadır. İlk olarak, mevcut sınıflandırmalar büyük ölçüde Batılı devletlere ve özellikle de geleneksel hedef ülkelere odaklanmaktadır. İkinci olarak, mevcut sınıflandırmalar belirsiz ya da yetersiz tanımlanmış göstergeler tarafından zayıflatılmış durumdadır. Son olarak da geliştirilmiş göstergeleri olan sınıflandırmalar bile kabul ve vatandaşlık/yerleşim rejimlerini birbirinden bağımsız olarak ele alarak olası bir göç entegrasyon politikasını göz ardı eden yaklaşımlar yüzünden ilerleme sağlayamamaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göç, entegrasyon, rejim, tipoloji, dönüm noktası, küresel

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