Kriz Anı ve Acil Durumlarda İnsani Yardım Program ve Döngülerine İlişkin Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 39 - 86, 30.12.2024

Gulbahar Arslan Elnasharty , İsmail Erol

https://doi.org/10.70972/gad.1584971

Öz

Arka Plan: İnsani yardım operasyonları; acil, ani ve ciddi bir olay ya da zararı gidermek, hayata, sağlığa, mülke yönelik yakın bir tehlikeyi önlemek amacıyla acil eylem gerektiren durumlara ilişkin faaliyetleri içermektedir. Acil durum hizmetleri ve kullanılan prosedürler; olayın algılanabilme, yönetilebilme, kabiliyet ya da yetkililerine göre değişim göstermekte veya sorumlu kurumlar ve yetkililerce belirlenmektedir. Dünya genelinde doğal nedenlerden kaynaklı afetler, felaketler veya insan kaynaklı savaş, iç çatışma durumları devlet ve/veya dışı silahlı grupların dâhil olduğu durumlar; insani yârdim operasyonlarının ve programlarının ivedilikle gerçekleştirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır.
Amaç: Kriz ve acil durumlarda insani yardım program ve döngülerine ilişkin, insani yardım aktörlerinin misyon ve stratejileri, “insani yardım operasyonları ve insani yârdim programları döngüsünün planlanması, uygulanması, işleyiş süreci ve yardımcı mekanizmalarına ilişkin mevcut araştırma bulgularının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmayla gerçekleştirilen literatür taraması sonucunda acil durum ve kriz anlarının temel özelliklerini; kayıp ve hasara yol açmaları, dış yardım, çoklu paydaşların katılımı ve reaktif/proaktif yaklaşımları gerektirdikleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış ve geleceğe ilişkin olası araştırma fırsatları sergilenmesi planlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu araştırmada; yöntem olarak mevcut literatür incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmayla gerçekleştirilen literatür taraması sonucunda acil durum ve kriz anlarının temel özelliklerini; kayıp ve hasara yol açmaları, dış yardım, çoklu paydaşların katılımı ve reaktif/proaktif yaklaşımları gerektirdikleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış ve geleceğe ilişkin olası araştırma fırsatları sergilenmesi planlanmıştır.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada gerçekleştirilen literatür taraması sonucunda afetlerin temel özelliklerinin; ani olmaları, öngörülememeleri, kayıp ve hasara yol açmaları, dış yardım, çoklu paydaşların katılımı ve reaktif/proaktif yaklaşımları gerektirdikleri ortaya koyulmuştur.
Sonuç: Literatür kapsamında kriz tanımları ele alındığındaysa, krizlerin genellikle bir sistem, kuruluş, bir grup insan veya bireyle ilişkilendirildiğini, temel özelliklerinin ise benzersizlik, tehlike, hasara yol açma ve öngörülemezlik olarak belirlendiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsani Yardım Operasyonları, ⁠Acil ve Kriz Durumları, ⁠İnsani Yardım Kuruluşları, İnsani Yardım Döngüsü, Koordinasyon ve İletişim

Destekleyen Kurum

Unıted Natıon Safety and Securıty Department

Teşekkür

Sayın Prof.Dr. Ismail Erol, Akademik dergide yayınlanmak üzere hazırladığım makale sürecinde bana sağladığınız değerli destek ve rehberlik için içtenlikle teşekkür ederim. Bilgi ve deneyimlerinizi benimle paylaştığınız için minnettarım. Sizin yönlendirmeleriniz sayesinde, çalışmamı daha derinlemesine inceleme ve geliştirme fırsatı buldum. Sizin gibi bir akademisyenin desteği, bu süreçte benim için büyük bir motivasyon kaynağı oldu. Gelecekteki çalışmalarımda da bu deneyimden edindiğim bilgilerle ilerlemeyi umuyorum. Tekrar teşekkür ederim. Saygılarımla, Gulbahar ARSLAN ELNASHARTY

Review of Humanitarian Assistance Programmes and Cycles in Times of Crisis and Emergencies

Öz

Background: Humanitarian aid operations include activities related to situations that require immediate action to prevent an immediate, sudden and serious incident or damage, or to prevent an imminent danger to life, health or property. Emergency services and procedures used vary according to the perception, management, capabilities or authorities of the incident or are determined by the responsible institutions and authorities. Natural disasters, catastrophes or man-made wars, internal conflicts worldwide, situations involving states and/or non-state armed groups, necessitate the urgent implementation of humanitarian aid operations and programs.
Purpose: It is aimed to present current research findings on humanitarian aid programs and cycles in crisis and emergency situations, the mission and strategies of humanitarian aid actors, the planning, implementation, operational process and supporting mechanisms of humanitarian aid operations and humanitarian aid programs cycle. As a result of the literature review conducted in this study, it was tried to reveal the basic characteristics of emergency and crisis moments; they cause loss and damage, require external aid, participation of multiple stakeholders and reactive/proactive approaches and it was planned to display possible research opportunities for the future.
Method: In this research; the existing literature was examined as a method. As a result of the literature review carried out with this study, it was tried to reveal the basic characteristics of emergency and crisis moments; they cause loss and damage, require external aid, participation of multiple stakeholders and reactive/proactive approaches, and it was planned to exhibit possible research opportunities for the future.
Findings: As a result of the literature review conducted in this study, it was revealed that the basic characteristics of disasters are; being sudden, unpredictable, causing loss and damage, requiring external aid, participation of multiple stakeholders and reactive/proactive approaches.
Conclusion: When the definitions of crisis are considered within the scope of the literature, it was observed that crises are generally associated with a system, organization, group of people or individuals, and their basic characteristics are determined as uniqueness, danger, causing damage and unpredictability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Humanitarian Operations, Emergency and Crisis Situations, Humanitarian Organisations, Humanitarian Aid Cycle, Coordination and Communication

Kaynakça

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