Statü Temelli Turizm Tüketimine Teorik Bir Bakış

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 470 - 487, 31.10.2019

Buket Buluk Sabri Haluk Erdem

https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.579860

Öz

Turizm yazınında, seyahat tercihlerinin çoğunlukla
statüye göre modellendiği yönündeki araştırmaların varlığına rağmen, konu ile
ilgili yapılan yazın taraması sonucunda statüye dayalı turizm tüketimine
yönelik çalışmaların yabancı yazında birkaç çalışma ile sınırlı kaldığı
görülürken; Türkçe yazında ise konuya yönelik teorik ya da ampirik bir
çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Yapılan araştırmalar, turistlerin konforsuz bir
seyahat veya fiziksel zorluklara hazır olmamaları pahasına dahi olsa,
gerçekleştirmek istedikleri faaliyetlerin kendilerine statü ve prestij
kazandıracak olması nedeniyle birtakım turistik faaliyetlere
katılabileceklerini göstermiştir. Dünyadaki artışına paralel olarak, ülkemizde
de lüks turizm destinasyonlarındaki, türlerindeki ve lüks segmentteki konaklama
işletmelerindeki artış da göz önüne alınarak; statü temelli turizm tüketimi
konusunun teorik anlamda ele alınmasının, özellikle yerli yazındaki boşluğu
doldurması ve konu ile ilgili ileride yapılacak ampirik çalışmalara kaynak
oluşturması açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın ayrıca, turizm
pazarlamacılarına ve destinasyon yöneticilerine de lüks turistik ürünler
konusunda etkili pazarlama stratejileri geliştirmeleri açısından fikir
verebileceği düşünülmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Statü, Tüketim, Statü Temelli Turizm Tüketimi

Destekleyen Kurum

YOKTUR

Proje Numarası

YOKTUR

Teşekkür

YOKTUR

A Theoretical Overview of Status Based Tourism Consumption

Öz

• Despite the existence of researches which
  show that tourism preferences are mostly modeled according to status in
  the literature, it is observed that studies on tourism based on status as
  a result of literature review are limited to a few studies in foreign
  literature. It is also seen that there is also no theoretical or empirical
  study on status based tourism consumption in the Turkish literature.
  Researches has shown that even if the tourists are not ready for an
  uncomfortable travel or physical difficulties, they can participate in
  some touristic activities due to the fact that the activities they want to
  perform will give them status and prestige. In parallel to the increase in
  the world, taking into account the increase of luxury tourism
  destinations, types and accommodation establishments in the luxury segment
  in our country; the theoretical consideration of status-based tourism
  consumption is thought to be important especially in terms of filling the
  gap in domestic literature and providing a source for future empirical
  studies. It is also thought that the study will provide an opportunity for
  tourism marketers and destination managers to develop effective marketing
  strategies for luxury touristic products.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Status, Consumption, Status-Based Tourism Consumption

Proje Numarası

YOKTUR

Kaynakça

• Aliabet, Serdar (2016). “Türkiye’de Lüks Turizm ve Lüks Tatil”, https://www.myfikirler.org/turkiyede-luks-turizm-ve-luks-tatil.html, Erişim Tarihi: 08.10.2018.
• Alptekin, Cenk (2016). “Türkiye’de Lüks Turizm ve Lüks Tatil”, https://www.myfikirler.org/turkiyede-luks-turizm-ve-luks-tatil.html, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Amatulli, Cesare; Guido, Gianluigi (2012). Externalised vs. Internalised Consumption of Luxury Goods: Propositions and Implications for Luxury Retail Marketing. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 22(2), 189-207.
• Aydın, Fatih (2016). “Türkiye’de Lüks Turizm ve Lüks Tatil”, https://www.myfikirler.org/turkiyede-luks-turizm-ve-luks-tatil.html, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Azman, Inoormaziah; Chan, Jennifer Kim Lian (2010). Health and Spa Tourism Business: Tourists’ Profiles and Motivational Factors. Health, Wellness and Tourism: Healthy Tourists, Healthy Business, 9-24.
• Babaoğul, Müberra; Buğday, Esna Betül (2012). Gösteriş Tüketimine Karşı Gönüllü Sadelik. Tüketici Yazıları III, IISB:978-605-88778-2-5.
• Baumeister, Roy; Leary, Mark (1995). The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation, Psychological Bulletin. The American Psychological Association, 117(3), 497-529.
• Baumgarth, Carsten; Scheneider, Gülpınar; Ceritoğlu, Bahar (2008). Lüks Markalar Gerçekten Güçlü Markalar Mı: Türkiye’deki Temel, Premium ve Lüks Markaların Faydaları ve Marka Güçlerine İlişkin Ampirik Bir Çalışma. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(25), 535-564.
• Bearden, William; Hardesty, David; Rose, Randall (2001). Consumer Self-Confidence: Refinements in Conceptualization and Measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(1), 121-134.
• Benea, Ioana Alexandra (2014). Influences of Social Media on the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Modul Vienna University, Department of New Media Technology, Bachelor Thesis, Vienna.
• Berger, Jonah; Ward, Morgan (2010). Subtle Signals of Inconspicuous Consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(4), 555-569.
• Billings, Linda (2006). Exploration for the Masses? or Joyrides for the Ultra-Rich? Prospects for Space Tourism. Space Policy, 22(3), 162-164.
• Boğa, Özlem; Başçı, Ahmet (2016). Ağızdan Ağıza Pazarlamanın Gösterişçi Tüketim Üzerine Etkisi. Öneri Dergisi, 12(45), 463-489.
• Buzgan, Turan (2017). “Sağlık Turizminde Daha Fazla Para Harcanıyor”, https://www.dunya.com/saglik/saglik-turizminde-daha-fazla-para-harcaniyor-haberi-377738, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Campbell, John (2005). “Where Do We Stand? Common Mechanisms in Organizations and Social Movements Research.” in Social Movements and Organization Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Clark, Ronald; Zboja, James; Goldsmith, Ronald (2007). Status Consumption and Role-Relaxed Consumption: A Tale of Two Retail Consumers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 14(1), 45-59.
• Correia, Antónia; Kozak, Metin (2012). Exploring Prestige and Status on Domestic Destinations: The Case of Algarve. Annals of Tourism Research, 39, 1951-67.
• Correia, Antónia; Moital, Miguel (2009). Handbook of Tourist Behavior. New York: Routledge.
• Crompton, John (1979). Motivations for Pleasure Vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408-424.
• Crouch, David (2013). Leisure/Tourism Geographies: Practices and Geographical Knowledge. Routledge.
• Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly; Rochberghalton, Eugene (1981). Object Lessons. Psychology Today, 15(12), 79-85.
• De Botton, Alain (2010). Statü Endişesi. (Çev: Ahu Sıla Bayer), Sel Yayıncılık.
• Demirel, İdil (2018). “Farklı Kültürlerin Peşinde Lüks Tatil”, https://www.sabah.com.tr/turizm/2018/04/08/farkli-kulturlerin-pesinde-luks-tatil, Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2018.
• Duran, Hakan (2007). “Belek Zengin Turistin Gözde Mekânı Olacak”, http://www.turizmhaberleri.com/haberayrinti.asp?ID=5260, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Eastman, Jacqueline; Eastman, Kevin (2015). Conceptualizing a Model of Status Consumption Theory: An Exploration of the Antecedents and Consequences of the Motivation to Consume for Status. Marketing Management Journal, 25(1), 1-15.
• Eastman, Jacqueline; Fredenberger, Bill; Campbell, David; Calvert, Stephen (1997). The Relationship between Status Consumption and Materialism: A Cross-cultural Comparison of Chinese, Mexican, and American student. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 5(1), 52-66.
• Eastman, Jacqueline; Goldsmith, Ronald; Flynn, Leisa Reinecke (1999). Status Consumption in Consumer Behavior: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7(3), 41-52.
• Ger, Güliz; Belk, Russell (1996). Cross Cultural Differences in Materialism. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17(1), 55-77.
• Godey, Bruno; Manthiou, Aikaterini; Pederzoli, Daniele; Rokka, Joonas; Aiello, Gaetano; Donvito, Raffaele; Singh, Rahul (2016). Social Media Marketing Efforts of Luxury Brands: Influence on Brand Equity and Consumer Behavior. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 1-9.
• Gottdiener, Mark (2000). New Forms of Consumption: Consumers, Culture, and Commodification, USA: Rowman&Littlefield Publishers.
• Gökaliler, Ebru; Aybar, Ayda Sabuncuoğlu; Gülay, Göker (2011). Bir Statü Tüketimi Göstergesi Olarak Iphone Markalı Akıllı Telefon Algısı: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Selçuk İletişim, 7(1), 36-48.
• Güllülü, Uğur; Ünal, Sevtap; Bilgili, Bilsen (2010). Kendini Gösterim ve Kişilerarası Etkileşimin Gösterişçi Tüketim Üzerindeki Etkilerini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 105-139.
• Güneştutar, Ercan (2009). “Bir Yat, 40 Turistten Fazla Para Bırakıyor”, http://www.turizmhaberleri.com/haberayrinti.asp?ID=14478, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Han, Young Jee; Nunes, Joseph; Drèze, Xavier (2010). Signaling Status with Luxury Goods: The Role of Brand Prominence. Journal of Marketing, 74(4), 15-30.
• Heaney, Joo-Gim; Goldsmith, Ronald; Jusoh, Wan Jamaliah Wan (2005). Status Consumption Among Malaysian Consumers: Exploring Its Relationships with Materialism and Attention-to-Social-Comparison-Information. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 17(4), 83-98.
• IPK International (2017). “ITB World Travel Trends Report 2016 / 2017”, https://www.itbberlin.de/media/itb/itb_dl_all/itb_presse_all/World_Travel_Trends_Report_2016_2017.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 08.10.2018.
• Ivanic, Aarti; Nunes, Joseph (2009). The Intrinsic Benefits of Status: The Effects of Evoking Rank. Advances in Consumer Research, 36, 12-13.
• Karamehmet, Bilge; Aydın, Gökhan (2015). A Study on Consumer Perception of Luxery Destination in Turkey. Journal of Management Marketing and Logistics, 2(4), 307-318.
• Kılıç, Büşra (2018). “Düğün ve Lüks Turizminde Yeni Strateji”, http://www.bik.gov.tr/dugun-ve-luks-turizminde-yeni-strateji/, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Kilsheimer, Jacqueline (1993). Status Consumption: The Development and Implications of a Scale Measuring the Motivation to Consume for Status. The Florida State University, Phd. Dissertation, UMI.
• Kozhanazar, Arna (2014). Uzay Turizmi: Kazakistan’ın Uzay Turizmi Alanındaki Potansiyeli Üzerine Bir Analiz. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul.
• Liu, Hongbo; Wu, Laurie; Li, Xiang (2018). Social Media Envy: How Experience Sharing on Social Networking Sites Drives Millennials’ Aspirational Tourism Consumption. Journal of Travel Research, 2018, 0047287518761615.
• MacCannell, Dean (1999). The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. University of California Press.
• Marcoux, Jean-Sebastien; Filiatrault, Pierre; Cheron, Emmanuel (1997). The Attitudes Underlying Preferences of Young Urban Educated Polish Consumers Towards Products Made in Western Countries. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 9(4), 5-29.
• Miller, Geoffrey (2012). Tüketimin Evrimi: Cinsiyet, Statü ve Tüketim. (Çev. Gülçin Vardar), İstanbul: Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım San. Tic. Ltd. Şti.
• O'cass, Aron; Mcewen, Hmily (2004). Exploring Consumer Status and Conspicuous Consumption. Journal of Consumer Behaviour: An International Research Review, 4(1), 25-39.Odabaşı, Yavuz (1999). Tüketim Kültürü-Yetinen Toplumdan Tüketen Topluma. İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
• Öztarakçı, Fatih (2017). “Deniz Üzerinde Lükste Sınır Tanımayan Turizmci”, http://www.bodrummuhabiri.com/deniz-uzerinde-lukste-sinir-tanimayan-turizmci/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.10.2018.
• Öztürk, Ali Şafak (2016). “Türkiye’de Lüks Turizm ve Lüks Tatil”, https://www.myfikirler.org/turkiyede-luks-turizm-ve-luks-tatil.html, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Packard, Vance (1961). The Status Seekers. New York: Pocket Books.
• Pirinçcioğlu, Ceylan (2016). “Türkiye’de Lüks Turizm ve Lüks Tatil”, https://www.myfikirler.org/turkiyede-luks-turizm-ve-luks-tatil.html, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Riley, Roger (1995). Prestige Worthy Tourist Behavior. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(3), 630-649.
• Roberts, James; Gwin, Carol; Martińez, Carlos Ruy (2014). The Influence of Family Structure on Consumer Behavior: A Re-Inquiry and Extension of Rindfleisch et al.(1997) in Mexico. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 12.1: 61-79.
• Snyder, Charles (1992). Product Scarcity by Need for Uniqueness Interaction: A Consumer Catch-22 Carousel?. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 13(1), 9-24.
• Tian, Kelly Tepper; Mckenzie, Karyn (2001). The Long‐Term Predictive Validity of the Consumers’ Need for Uniqueness Scale. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 10(3), 171-193.
• Todd, Sarah (2001). Self-Concept: A Tourism Application. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 1(2), 184-96.
• Truong, Yann; Mccoll, Rod (2011). Intrinsic Motivations, Self-Esteem, and Luxury Goods Consumption. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(6), 555-561.
• Tsai, Shu-Pei (2005). Impact of Personal Orientation on Luxury-Brand Purchase Value: An International Investigation. International Journal of Market Research, 47(4), 427-452.
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2017). “Gelir Arttı, Kişi Başı Harcama Düştü”, https://www.haberturk.com/gelir-artti-kisi-basi-harcama-dustu-1818360-ekonomi, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Weber, Daniel; Dubois, Bernard (1997). The Edge of Dream: Managing the Brand Equity in the European Luxury Market. Values, Lifestyles and Psychographics. 263-282.
• Webster, Cynthia; Rennie, Vanessa (2011). Pursuing Pleasure: Consumer Value in Leisure Travel. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5(4), 334-344.
• Vara, Güncel (2017). “Lüks Turizmi Yeniden Şekillendiren 6 Genel Trend”, https://www.uzakrota.com/luks-turizmi-yeniden-sekillendiren-6-genel-trend/, Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2018.
• Veblen, Thorstein (1899). The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions. Macmillan.
• Veblen, Thorstein (2005). Aylak Sınıfın Teorisi. (Çev. Gültekin Zeynep- Atay Cumhur), İstanbul: Babil Yayınları.
• Vickers, Jonathan; Renand, Franck (2003). The Marketing of Luxury Goods: An Exploratory Study–Three Conceptual Dimensions. The Marketing Review, 3(4), 459-478.
• Yang, Wan; Mattila, Anna (2017). The Impact of Status Seeking on Consumers’ Word of Mouth and Product Preference-A Comparison Between Luxury Hospitality Services and Luxury Goods. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(1), 3-22.
• Yener, Hasan (2018). “2018 Güncel Sosyal Medya Kullanıcı Sayıları”, http://www.sosyalmedyahaber.com/2018/03/2018-guncel-sosyal-medya-kullanici-sayilari/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.10.2018.