STRATEJİK YEŞİL OPERASYON UYGULAMALARI İLE YEŞİL PERFORMANS ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE YEŞİL İKLİMİN ARACILIK ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE YEŞİL LİMANLARINDA BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Çevreci liman yönetim yaklaşımları yeşil liman kavramını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı yeşil limanlarda, yeşil operasyon uygulamaları ile yeşil performans arasındaki ilişkinin ve yeşil iklimin bu ilişkideki aracılık rolünün tespit edilmesidir. Araştırmanın önemi, stratejik düzeyde yeşil liman yönetiminde yeşil operasyon uygulamalarının ve yeşil ikliminin rolü açıklanarak liman yöneticilerine yeşil limanlarda uygulanması gereken esasların ortaya koyulması oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklem alanını Türkiye’de yeşil liman sertifikasına sahip limanlar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma için yeşil limanlarda görev yapan 180 çalışandan Ekim-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile anket uygulanarak veri toplanmıştır. Toplanan verilere dayalı frekans analizi, geçerlilik analizi, güvenilirlik analizi, regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre yeşil operasyon uygulamalarının yeşil performans üzerinde istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönde etkilediği ve yeşil iklimin yeşil operasyon uygulamaları ile yeşil performans arasında kısmi aracılık etkisine sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeşil Liman
• Strateji
• Yeşil Operasyon Uygulamaları
• Yeşil İklim
• Yeşil Performans
• Aracılık etkisi

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF GREEN CLİMATE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC GREEN OPERATIONS PRACTICES AND GREEN PERFORMANCE: A RESEARCH ON TURKEY GREEN PORTS

Öz

Environmentalist port management approaches have revealed the green port concept. This study aims to determine the relationship between green operations practices and green performance in green ports and the mediating role of green climate in this relationship. The research's importance is to explain the role of green operation practices and green climate in green port management at a strategic level, and the principles to be applied to port managers in green ports. The sample of this research is the field of the port harbor with green certificates in Turkey. For the study, data were collected from 180 employees working in green ports by applying a questionnaire between October and December 2020 using the easy sampling method. Frequency analysis, validity analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis were performed based on the collected data. According to research findings, it was concluded that green operation practices have a statistically positive effect on green performance and that green climate has a partial mediating effect between green operation practices and green performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Green Port
• Strategy
• Green Operation Practices
• Green Climate
• Green Performance
• Mediation Effect

Kaynakça

1. Albrecht, S., Breidahl, E., & Marty, A. (2018). Organizational resources, organizational engagement climate, and employee engagement. Career development international, 23(1), 67-85.
2. Asgari, N., Hassani, A., Jones, D., & Nguye, H. H. (2015). Sustainability ranking of the UK major ports: Methodology and case study. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 78, 19-39.
3. Autry, C. W., Whipple, J. M., Lirn, T. C., Wu, Y. C. J., & Chen, Y. J. (2013). Green performance criteria for sustainable ports in Asia. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management.
4. Battistelli, A., & Mariani, M. G. (2011). Supporto organizzativo: validazione della versione italiana della survey of perceived organizational support (versione a 8 item). Giornale italiano di psicologia, 38(1), 189-214.
5. Bergqvist, R., & Monios, J. (2019). Green ports in theory and practice. In Green ports (pp. 1-17). Elsevier.
6. Beske, P., Land, A., & Seuring, S. (2014). Sustainable supply chain management practices and dynamic capabilities in the food industry: A critical analysis of the literature. International journal of production economics, 152, 131-143.
7. Bichou, K., & Gray, R. (2004). A logistics and supply chain management approach to port performance measurement. Maritime Policy & Management, 31(1), 47-67.
8. Burmaoğlu, S., Polat, M., & Meydan, C. H. (2013). Örgütsel Davranış Alanında İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemleri ve Türkçe Yazında Aracılık Modeli Kullanımı Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1).

9. Chuang, S. P. (2014). Assessing and improving the green performance using a compound approach. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 26(1-2), 69-91.
10. Chawla, V. K., Chhabra, D., Gupta, P., & Naaz, S. (2020). Evaluation of green operations management by fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Materials Today: Proceedings.
11. Chen, J., Zheng, T., Garg, A., Xu, L., Li, S., & Fei, Y. (2019). Alternative maritime power application as a green port strategy: barriers in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 213, 825-837.
12. Chiu, R. H., Lin, L. H., & Ting, S. C. (2014). Evaluation of green port factors and performance: a fuzzy AHP analysis. Mathematical problems in engineering, 2014.
13. Chou, C. J. (2014). Hotels' environmental policies and employee personal environmental beliefs: Interactions and outcomes. Tourism Management, 40, 436-446.
14. Dahiya, R. (2020). Does organisational sustainability policies affect environmental attitude of employees? The missing link of green work climate perceptions. Business Strategy & Development, 3(3), 395-403.
15. Datta, A., & Singh, R. (2018). Determining the dimensions of organizational climate perceived by the hotel employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 40-48.
16. Deif, A. M. (2011). A system model for green manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(14), 1553-1559.
17. Dumont, J., Shen, J., & Deng, X. (2017). Effects of green HRM practices on employee workplace green behavior: The role of psychological green climate and employee green values. Human resource management, 56(4), 613-627.
18. Ge, B., Jiang, D., Gao, Y., & Tsai, S. B. (2016). The influence of legitimacy on a proactive green orientation and green performance: A study based on transitional economy scenarios in china. Sustainability, 8(12), 1344.
19. Gelade, G. A., & Ivery, M. (2003). The impact of human resource management and work climate on organizational performance. Personnel psychology, 56(2), 383-404.
20. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Education Limited.
21. Hui, I. K., He, L., & Dang, C. (2002). Environmental impact assessment in an uncertain environment. International Journal of Production Research, 40(2), 375-388.
22. Jabbour, C. J. C., de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L., Govindan, K., De Freitas, T. P., Soubihia, D. F., Kannan, D., & Latan, H. (2016). Barriers to the adoption of green operational practices at Brazilian companies: effects on green and operational performance. International journal of production research, 54(10), 3042-3058.
23. Kuo, S. Y., & Lin, P. C. (2020). Determinants of green performance in container terminal operations: A lean management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 123105.
24. Lam, J. S. L., & Notteboom, T. (2014). The greening of ports: a comparison of port management tools used by leading ports in Asia and Europe. Transport Reviews, 34(2), 169-189.
25. Li, S., Ngniatedema, T., & Chen, F. (2017). Understanding the impact of green initiatives and green performance on financial performance in the US. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(6), 776-790.
26. Liu, D., & Ge, Y. E. (2018). Modeling assignment of quay cranes using queueing theory for minimizing CO2 emission at a container terminal. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 61, 140-151.
27. Liu, Y., Zhu, Q., & Seuring, S. (2017). Linking capabilities to green operations strategies: The moderating role of corporate environmental proactivity. International Journal of Production Economics, 187, 182-195.
28. Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Batista, L., & Rong, K. (2019). Green operations: What's the role of supply chain flexibility?. International Journal of Production Economics, 214, 30-43.
29. Lun, Y. V. (2011). Green management practices and firm performance: A case of container terminal operations. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(6), 559-566.
30. Marchi, V. D., Maria, E. D., & Micelli, S. (2013). Environmental strategies, upgrading and competitive advantage in global value chains. Business strategy and the environment, 22(1), 62-72.
31. Munim, Z. H., Sornn-Friese, H., & Dushenko, M. (2020). Identifying the appropriate governance model for green port management: Applying Analytic Network Process and Best-Worst methods to ports in the Indian Ocean Rim. Journal of Cleaner Production, 122156.
32. Norton, T. A., Zacher, H., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2012). On the importance of pro-environmental organizational climate for employee green behavior. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(4), 497-500.
33. Norton, T. A., Zacher, H., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2014). Organisational sustainability policies and employee green behaviour: The mediating role of work climate perceptions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 49-54.
34. Norton, T. A., Parker, S. L., Zacher, H., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2015). Employee green behavior: A theoretical framework, multilevel review, and future research agenda. Organization & Environment, 28(1), 103-125.
35. Olsthoorn, X., Tyteca, D., Wehrmeyer, W., & Wagner, M. (2001). Environmental indicators for business: a review of the literature and standardisation methods. Journal of cleaner production, 9(5), 453-463.
36. Özsever, E., Köseoğlu, M. C., & Şıhmantepe, A. (2019). Türkiye yeşil liman ölçütleri: gürültünün bir ölçüt olarak incelenmesi, IV. Ulusal Liman Kongresi, 7-8.
37. Pavlic, B., Cepak, F., Sucic, B., Peckaj, M., & Kandus, B. (2014). Sustainable port infrastructure, practical implementation of the green port concept. Thermal Science, 18(3), 935-948.
38. Perramon, J., del Mar Alonso-Almeida, M., Llach, J., & Bagur-Femenías, L. (2014). Green practices in restaurants: Impact on firm performance. Operations Management Research, 7(1-2), 2-12.
39. Sarkis, J., & Dhavale, D. G. (2015). Supplier selection for sustainable operations: A triple-bottom-line approach using a Bayesian framework. International Journal of Production Economics, 166, 177-191.
40. Suganthi, L. (2019). Examining the relationship between corporate social responsibility, performance, employees’ pro-environmental behavior at work with green practices as mediator. Journal of cleaner production, 232, 739-750.
41. Teerawattana, R., & Yang, Y. C. (2019). Environmental performance indicators for green port policy evaluation: case study of Laem Chabang port. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 35(1), 63-69.
42. Tian, H., Zhang, J., & Li, J. (2020). The relationship between pro-environmental attitude and employee green behavior: the role of motivational states and green work climate perceptions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(7), 7341-7352.
43. Tsai, H. L., Lu, C. S., & Chang, C. C. (2017). The influence of organisational green climate on employees' green behaviours: evidence from the Eco Port of Kaohsiung. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 9(6), 696-723.
44. TSE (2021), Yeşil Liman/Eko Liman, Erişim Tarihi:02.01.2021 (https://www.tse.org.tr/IcerikDetay?ID=2049).
45. UNCTAD (2012). Review of maritime transport. New York and Geneva: United Nations.
46. Wagner, M., & Schaltegger, S. (2004). The effect of corporate environmental strategy choice and environmental performance on competitiveness and economic performance:: an empirical study of EU manufacturing. European Management Journal, 22(5), 557-572.
47. Wang, C. H. (2019). How organizational green culture influences green performance and competitive advantage: The mediating role of green innovation. Technology Management, 30(4), 666-683.
48. Wong, C. W., Lai, K. H., Shang, K. C., Lu, C. S., & Leung, T. K. P. (2012). Green operations and the moderating role of environmental management capability of suppliers on manufacturing firm performance. International journal of production economics, 140(1), 283-294.
49. Wu, Z., & Pagell, M. (2011). Balancing priorities: Decision-making in sustainable supply chain management. Journal of operations management, 29(6), 577-590.
50. Yang, C. S. (2018). An analysis of institutional pressures, green supply chain management, and green performance in the container shipping context. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 61, 246-260.
51. Yu, H., Ge, Y. E., Chen, J., Luo, L., Tan, C., & Liu, D. (2017). CO2 emission evaluation of yard tractors during loading at container terminals. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 53, 17-36.
52. Zheng, S., Ge, Y. E., Fu, X., Nie, Y. M., & Xie, C. (2017). Modeling collusion-proof port emission regulation of cargo-handling activities under incomplete information. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 104, 543-567.
53. Zsidisin, G. A., & Siferd, S. P. (2001). Environmental purchasing: a framework for theory development. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 7(1), 61-73.