Öz
Modernity changed the community interests; it idealized individuality and liberal democracy, and based its main aim on pushing religion to the outskirts of human life. Western Christianity adjusted to modernity to justify the developments while Islam accepted it only to the extent of its capacity to authenticate the realities stated by the Qur’an. Orientalism, Occidentalism, and Islamism play impressive role in a variety of contexts today. Occidentalism in its popular variety helps to reinforce the identities. This study considers the power relationship between people and cultures. The roles and the identities are changing throughout history. Nowadays Islamic culture is one of popular subjects to study on. So, the Muslim world and revival of Islamic culture are the beginning of Occidentalism. Occidentalism is developed in the Orient in order to study the West from a non-Western World point of view. It can be referred as revival of identity (for isteghrab) in Arab world by Hasan Hanafi or Talibanian or ISIS Occidentalists movements which stand for empowering Arab culture, Wahhabism or Salafism. All are revivalist movements to rapture Islamism as an ideology. This article tries to focus on the concept of Occidentalism in Iran after Iran Cultural Revolution.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bakhshandeh E (2012) Politics of Iran-West Relations within the Context of Iranian Occidentalism; Image of the West in the Iranian press During Reformism (1997-2001) and Conservatism (2005-2009) http://westminsterresearch.wmin. ac.uk/12919/1/Ehsan_BAKHSHANDEH.pdf
- Bonnett, A. (2003) from white to Western: “racial decline” and the idea of the West in Britain, 1890-1930. Journal of Historical Sociology 16.3: 320-348.
- Bonnett, A. (2004) The Idea of the West: Culture, Politics and History. Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan
- Boroujerdi, M. (1996). Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press
- Buruma I and Avishai M (2004) occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of its Enemies (New York: Penguin, 2004), 160 pp.
- Castoriadis, C. (1987) The Imaginary Institution of Society. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press, 1987.
- Coronil, F. (1996) Beyond occidentalism: toward nonimperial geohistorical categori- es. Cultural Anthropology 11.1: 51-87. http://www.jstor.org/stable/656209 [Accessed: 30/10/2009]
- Ernst W. C (2012) ‘the West and Islam?’: Rethinking Occidentalism and Orientalism” http://iph.ras.ru/uplfile/smirnov/ishraq/1/ernst.pdf
- Gauchet, M.( 1998) La religion dans la démocratie. Parcours de la laïcité. Paris: Gallimard,.
- Hanafi H (1992), Muqaddima fi “Ilm al-Istighrab, 2nd edition (Cairo: Al-Mu’assasa al-Jami‘iyya,), 10; and idem, Al-Turath wa al-Tajdid, 176–180.
- Hanafi, H.( 1996) Islam in the Modern World. Cairo: Anglo-Egyptian Bookshop,.
- Mackubin T. O (2004); Against the West: Islamic Radicals Hate Us for Who We Are, Not What We Do http://ashbrook.org/publications/oped-owens-04-occidentalism/
- Musavinia M (2015) the process of Occidentalists in Iran http://didban.ir/fa/news- details
- Ning,W. (1997). Orientalism versus Occidentalism? New Literary History, Vol. 28, No. 1, Cultural Studies: China and the West (Winter, 1997), pp. 57-67 Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20057401 [Accessed: 30/10/2009]
- O’Connor, Brendon and Martin Griffiths. (2006). The Rise of Anti-Americanism. USA and Canada: Routledge
- Said E. W (2003) Culture and Resistance: Conversations with [Interviews by David Barsamian]
- Snyder, R S. (1999). The U.S. and Third World Revolutionary States: Understanding the Breakdown in Relations. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 265-290 Available at:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2600756
- Tãmaş Ch (2012) Patterns of Modernity: Christianity, Occidentalism and Islam file:///C:/ Users/ALADDIN/Downloads/v10317-012-0008-z.pdf
- Tavakoli-Targhi. M (2001) Refashioning Iran: Orientalism, Occidentalism and Historiography. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan
Öz
Modernite, toplum çıkarlarını değiştirdi; bireysellik ve liberal demokrasiyi idealize ederek dini insan hayatının dışına itmeye başladı. Batı Hıristiyanlığı kendini moderniteyle ayarlayarak gelişimini sağladı, Hâlbuki İslam sadece Kuran tarafından gerçekleri doğruladığı ölçüde kabul gördü. Bugün Oryantalizm oksidantalizm ve İslamcılık çeşitli bağlamlarda etkileyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Oksidentalizm Doğu’nun kimliğini güçlendirmek için yardımcı bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışma, insanlar ve kültürler arasındaki güç ilişkisini değerlendirmektedir. Roller ve kimlikler tarih boyunca değişiyor. Günümüzde İslam kültürü popüler bir konu haline gelmiştir. Yani, İslam dünyası ve İslam kültürünün canlanması Oksidentalizmin başlangıcıdır. Oksidentalizm doğuda gelişerek batıyı batılı olmayan Dünya noktasından araştırmaktadır. Arap dünyasında kimlik canlanması olarak (isteghrab için) Hasan Hanefi veya Talibanian veya ISIS Oksidentalistler tarafından Arap kültürü, Wahhabicilik veya uyanmasıyla ifade edilebilir. Bütün bu uyandırıcı hareketler İslamcılığı ideoloji olarak ele almaktadır. Bu makalede, İran Kültür Devrimi’nden sonra İran Oksidentalizm canlanmasını ele almaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Anti batılaşma dekolonizasyon İran Kültür Devrimi oksidentalizm Oryantalizm üçüncü dünya ülkeleri
Kaynakça
- Bakhshandeh E (2012) Politics of Iran-West Relations within the Context of Iranian Occidentalism; Image of the West in the Iranian press During Reformism (1997-2001) and Conservatism (2005-2009) http://westminsterresearch.wmin. ac.uk/12919/1/Ehsan_BAKHSHANDEH.pdf
- Bonnett, A. (2003) from white to Western: “racial decline” and the idea of the West in Britain, 1890-1930. Journal of Historical Sociology 16.3: 320-348.
- Bonnett, A. (2004) The Idea of the West: Culture, Politics and History. Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan
- Boroujerdi, M. (1996). Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press
- Buruma I and Avishai M (2004) occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of its Enemies (New York: Penguin, 2004), 160 pp.
- Castoriadis, C. (1987) The Imaginary Institution of Society. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press, 1987.
- Coronil, F. (1996) Beyond occidentalism: toward nonimperial geohistorical categori- es. Cultural Anthropology 11.1: 51-87. http://www.jstor.org/stable/656209 [Accessed: 30/10/2009]
- Ernst W. C (2012) ‘the West and Islam?’: Rethinking Occidentalism and Orientalism” http://iph.ras.ru/uplfile/smirnov/ishraq/1/ernst.pdf
- Gauchet, M.( 1998) La religion dans la démocratie. Parcours de la laïcité. Paris: Gallimard,.
- Hanafi H (1992), Muqaddima fi “Ilm al-Istighrab, 2nd edition (Cairo: Al-Mu’assasa al-Jami‘iyya,), 10; and idem, Al-Turath wa al-Tajdid, 176–180.
- Hanafi, H.( 1996) Islam in the Modern World. Cairo: Anglo-Egyptian Bookshop,.
- Mackubin T. O (2004); Against the West: Islamic Radicals Hate Us for Who We Are, Not What We Do http://ashbrook.org/publications/oped-owens-04-occidentalism/
- Musavinia M (2015) the process of Occidentalists in Iran http://didban.ir/fa/news- details
- Ning,W. (1997). Orientalism versus Occidentalism? New Literary History, Vol. 28, No. 1, Cultural Studies: China and the West (Winter, 1997), pp. 57-67 Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20057401 [Accessed: 30/10/2009]
- O’Connor, Brendon and Martin Griffiths. (2006). The Rise of Anti-Americanism. USA and Canada: Routledge
- Said E. W (2003) Culture and Resistance: Conversations with [Interviews by David Barsamian]
- Snyder, R S. (1999). The U.S. and Third World Revolutionary States: Understanding the Breakdown in Relations. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 265-290 Available at:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2600756
- Tãmaş Ch (2012) Patterns of Modernity: Christianity, Occidentalism and Islam file:///C:/ Users/ALADDIN/Downloads/v10317-012-0008-z.pdf
- Tavakoli-Targhi. M (2001) Refashioning Iran: Orientalism, Occidentalism and Historiography. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 17 Aralık 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 17 |
Kaynak Göster
Gazi Akademik Bakış Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.