The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Disaster Risk Management

Yıl 2022, , 401 - 411, 31.10.2022

Nur Sinem Partigöç

https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.1067831

Cited By: 3

Öz

It is clear that the usual methods do not respond to the problems based on urban activities which are becoming increasingly complicated due to the growth processes observed under the influence of globalization and intensive population mobility. In addition, due to the increase in the number of disasters associated with rapid urbanization processes and global climate change, there has been a significant increase in the problems experienced in the main service areas of cities (environment, health, education, infrastructure, security, etc.). Accordingly, the usage of information technologies effectively become almost an obligation in order to sustain the level of well-being in settlements which have turned into a multi-network in a sustainable manner and to put forward an effective disaster management process. Fom this point, the aim of the study is to emphasize the importance of the usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for reducing and/or eliminating possible disaster losses associated with Disaster Risk Management (DRM) processes. The scope of the study includes the role of risk management in AI applications, the advantages and disadvantages of the usage of AI in the disaster risk reduction process and also application examples. The method of the study is the qualitative research method. As a result of research, it can be said that the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is necessary for DRM which is sustainable, effective in the long term, multi-stakeholder and inter-disciplinary. Moreover, AI plays a critical role in increasing urban resilience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Urbanization, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Urban Resilience

Afet Risk Yönetiminde Yapay Zekâ Kullanımının Rolü

Öz

Küreselleşme etkisi altında gözlenen büyüme süreçleri ve yoğun nüfus hareketliliği nedeniyle gittikçe karmaşıklaşan kentsel faaliyetlerin yarattığı sorunlara alışılagelen yöntemlerin yanıt vermediği açıkça ortadadır. Buna ek olarak, hızlı kentleşme süreçleri ve küresel iklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak yaşanan afet olaylarındaki artış, zaman içerisinde kentlerin temel hizmet alanlarında (çevre, sağlık, eğitim, altyapı, güvenlik, vb.) yaşanan problemleri önemli ölçüde tetiklemektedir. Dolayısıyla, çoklu bir ağa dönüşen yaşam alanlarında toplumun refah düzeyinin sürdürülebilir biçimde devam ettirilebilmesi ve etkin bir afet yönetim sürecinin ortaya konulabilmesi için bilgi teknolojilerinin etkin biçimde kullanılması artık bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle, çalışmada afet öncesi döneme referans veren Risk Yönetimi alanında olası kayıpların azaltılması ve/veya bertaraf edilmesi konusunda yapay zekâ kullanımının öneminin vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamını yapay zekâ uygulamalarında risk yönetiminin yeri, yapay zekâ kullanımının afet risklerinin azaltılması sürecindeki avantajları ve dezavantajları, uygulama örneklerinin aktarılması gibi konular oluşturmaktadır. Yöntem olarak nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada, yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda denilebilir ki, sürdürülebilir, uzun vadede etkin, çok paydaşlı ve disiplinler arası niteliğe sahip Modern Bütünleşik Afet Yönetim sürecinde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT) kullanımının karar alma süreçlerinin temel yapı taşlarından biri haline gelmiştir ve kentsel dirençliliğin arttırılmasında yapay zekâ uygulamaları kritik bir rol oynamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Risk Yönetimi, Yapay Zeka, Kentleşme, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT), Kentsel Dirençlilik.

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