PID based control of regenerative inverter for DC rail transit

Öz

In this paper, a new control mechanism is proposed for grid-connected three-phase inverter that provides regenerative energy recuperation in direct current (DC) rail transit. In DC rail transit, line voltage can change dynamically depending on the regenerative energy generated by the trains during braking. In order to respond rapidly to dynamic changes in line voltage, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller designed according to the dominant pole assignment method has been used in the control structure of the inverter. The derivative effect of the PID provides rapid response to changes in line voltage by increasing the speed of the system response. In addition, a new operating strategy that takes into account two different voltage values, unlike the systems that operate at constant voltage value in the literature, is proposed. The method provides more regenerative energy recovery by increasing the inverter operation range and thus contributes to energy efficiency. Finally, detailed model of a real system has been developed in Matlab/Simulink environment and the simulation studies comparing the performance of the PID-based control structure with the PI-based control has been presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Energy efficiency
• DC rail transit
• Regenerative inverter
• PID controller
• Vector control

Doğru akım raylı ulaşım sistemleri için rejeneratif eviricinin PID tabanlı kontrolü

Öz

Bu çalışmada, doğru akım (DA) raylı ulaşım sistemlerinde rejeneratif enerji kazanımını gerçekleştiren şebeke bağlantılı üç fazlı evirici birimine yönelik yeni bir kontrol mekanizması önerilmiştir. DA raylı ulaşım sistemlerinde trenlerin frenleme sırasında üretmiş olduğu rejeneratif enerjiye bağlı olarak hat gerilimi hızlı şekilde değişebilmektedir. Hat gerilimindeki bu değişimlere hızlı cevap vermek amacıyla evirici birimi kontrol yapısı içerisinde, baskın kutup atama yöntemine göre tasarlanan bir oransal-integral-türevsel (PID) kontrolör kullanılmıştır. PID içerisinde yer alan türevsel etki ile sistem tepkisi hızlandırılmış böylelikle hat gerilimindeki değişimlere hızlı cevap verilmesi sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca literatürdeki sabit gerilim değerinde çalışmasını gerçekleştiren sistemlerden farklı olarak iki farklı gerilim değerini dikkate alan yeni bir çalışma stratejisi önerilmiştir. Böylece, evirici çalışma bölgesi artırılarak daha fazla rejeneratif enerji kazanımı ile enerji verimliliğine katkı sağlanmıştır. Son olarak, Matlab/Simulink ortamında gerçek bir sistemin ayrıntılı modeli oluşturulmuş ve önerilen yöntemin uygulanabilirliğini göstermek amacıyla PID tabanlı kontrol yapısının performansını PI tabanlı kontrol ile karşılaştıran benzetim çalışmaları sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enerji verimliliği
• DA raylı ulaşım
• Rejeneratif evirici
• PID kontrolör
• Vektör kontrol

Kaynakça

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