Bir süpermarket zincirinde iki seviyeli tedarikçi yönetimli stok problemi için etkili bir sezgisel yöntem

Öz

Bu çalışmada, yüksek müşteri talebi değişkenliği ile karşı karşıya olan bir zincir marketin gerçek hayat sevkiyat problemine odaklanılmıştır. Firma, mağazalarını bulundukları bölgelere göre gruplandırmış ve her mağaza grubunun ikmali için bir dağıtım merkezi (DM) oluşturmuştur. Düzenli aralıklarla bu DM’lerden kendine bağlı olan mağazalara ikmal yapılmaktadır. Mevcut durumda firma, mağazalardan gelen yüksek talep değişkenliğine cevap verebilmek için çok yüksek sözleşme maliyetleri pahasına DM’lerdeki işçi sayısını artırıp azaltmaktadır. Buna rağmen mağazaların talepleri zamanında karşılanamamakta ve satış kaybı yaşanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, değişkenliğin getirdiği bu olumsuz etkileri minimize etmek üzere DM’ler için sevkiyat planı oluşturulması problemi ele alınmıştır. Önce problemin doğrusal programlama modeli geliştirilmiştir. Büyük boyutlu örnekler için geliştirilen model cevap vermediğinden çözüm için iki farklı sezgisel önerilmiştir. Ayrıştırma (decomposition) yaklaşımı olarak isimlendirilen ilk yöntemde, geliştirilen model her mağaza için ayrı ayrı uygulanmıştır. İkinci sezgisel yaklaşımda problem ulaştırma modeline dönüştürülerek ele alınmıştır. Çözüm için iki aşamalı bir yöntem benimsenmiştir. Önerilen çözüm yöntemlerinin etkinliği, çeşitli boyutlardaki test verisi kullanarak karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde sunulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar önerilen ulaştırma modeli temelli yaklaşımın devasa boyutlardaki gerçek hayat problemlerine kabul edilebilir zamanda ve her hangi bir ticari çözücüye ihtiyaç duymaksızın kaliteli çözümler üretebildiğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İşbirlikçi stratejiler
• İki seviye tedarikçi yönetimli stok
• Doğrusal programlama
• Sezgisel teknikler

Kaynakça

1. Achabal, D.D., McIntyre, S.H., Smith, S.A., Kalyanam, K., 2000. A decision support system for vendor managed inventory. Journal of Retailing 76 (4), 430–454.
2. Altyaygil, İ., 2001. Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi, Yüksek Lisan Tezi, İstanbul Teknik üniversitesi, İstanbul. Andrew Cox, Paul Ireland, Chrıs Lonsdale, Joe Sanderson, Glyn Watson, Supply Chain Management, FT Prentice Hall, 2003, p.86.
3. Angulo, A., Nachtmann, H., Waller, M.A., 2004. Supply chain information sharing in a vendor managed inventory partnership. Journal of Business Logistics 25 (1), 101–120.
4. Ashraf, Z., Malhotra, D., Muhuri, P. K., & Lohani, Q. M. (2021). Interval type-2 fuzzy vendor managed inventory system and its solution with particle swarm optimization. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 23(7), 2080-2105.
5. Aviv, Y., 2002. Gaining benefits from joint forecasting and replenishment process: The case of auto-correlated demand. Manufacturing and Service Operations Management 4 (1), 55–74.
6. Baboli, A., Fondrevelle J., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R., Mehrabi, A., 2011. A replenishment policy based on joint optimization in a downstream pharmaceutical supply chain: centralized vs. decentralized replenishment. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 57, 367-378.
7. Başkol M., 2012. Tedarik zincirinde işbirliği ve ECR stratejisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(40), 188-204.
8. Bichescu C. B., Michael J. F., 2009. Vendor-managed inventory and the effect of channel Power OR Spectrum, 31, 195-228.

9. Bookbinder, J.H., Gumus,M., Jewkes,E.M., 2010. Calculating the benefits of vendor managed inventory in a manufacturing-retailer system. Int.J.Prod.Res. 48 (19), 5549–5571.
10. BOWERSOX, D.J. (1969), Readings in Physical Distribution Management: The Logistics of Marketing. Eds. Bowersox, D.J., La Londe, B.J., and Smykay, E.W., MacMillan, New York.
11. Cai, J. , Hu, X. , Tadikamalla, P. R. , & Shang, J. (2017). Flexible contract design for VMI supply chain with service-sensitive demand: Revenue-sharing and supplier sub- sidy. European Journal of Operational Research, 261 (1), 143–153.
12. Chakraborty, A., Chatterjee, A.K., Mateen, A., 2015. A vendor-managed inventory scheme as a supply chain coordination mechanism. International Journal of Production Research 53, 13-24.
13. Chaouch, B.A., 2001. Stock levels and delivery rates in vendor managed inventory programs. Prod. Oper. Manag. 10 (1), 31–44.
14. Chen, J.-M., Lin, I.C., Cheng, H.-L., 2010. Channel coordination under consignment and vendor-managed inventory in a distribution system. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 46 (6), 831–843.
15. Christopher M. (1998), Logistics & Supply Chain Management:Strategies for Reducing Costs and Improving Services, Pitman Publishing, and LondonChopra, S. and Meindl P. 2001. A review of: “Supply Chain Management: trategy,Planning and Operation”. Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0-13-026465-2
16. Claassen, M.J.T., van Weele, A.J., van Raaij, E.M., 2008. Performance outcomes and success factors of vendor managed inventory (VMI), Supply Chain Manage. 13, 406-414.
17. Çömez-Dolgan, N., Moussawi-Haidar, L., & Jaber, M. Y. (2021). A buyer-vendor system with untimely delivery costs: Traditional coordination vs. VMI with consignment stock. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 154, 107009.
18. Darwish, M.A., Odah, O.M., 2010. Vendor managed inventory model for single-vendor multi-retailer supply chains. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 204 (3), 473–484.
19. Derrouiche, R., Neubert, G., & Bouras, A., 2008. Supply chain management: a framework to characterize the collaborative strategies, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 21:4, 426-439.
20. Disney, S.M., Towill, D.R., 2003a. Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) and bullwhip reduction in a two level supply chain. International Journal of Operations and Production Management 23 (6), 625–651.
21. Disney, S.M., Towill, D.R., 2003b. The effect of vendor managed inventory dynamics on the bullwhip effect in supply chains. International Journal of Production Economics 85 (2), 199–215.
22. Fang, X., K. C. So, and Y. Wang. 2008. “Component Procurement Strategies in Decentralized Assemble-to-Order Systems with Time-Dependent Pricing.” Management Science 54 (12): 1997–2011.
23. Fry, M. J. , Kapuscinski, R. , & Olsen, T. L. (2001). Coordinating production and delivery under a (z, Z)-type vendor managed inventory contract. Manufacturing Service Operations Management, 3 (2), 151–173.
24. Gerchak, Y. , Khmelnitsky, E. , & Robinson, L. (2007). Untruthful probabilistic demand forecasts in vendor-managed revenue-sharing contracts: Coordinating the chain. Naval Research Logistics, 54 , 742–749.
25. Gerchak, Y. , & Wang, Y. (2004). Revenue-sharing and wholesale-price contracts in assembly systems with random demand. Production and Operations Management, 13 (1), 23–33 .
26. Guan, R. , & Zhao, X. (2010). On contracts for VMI program with continuous review ( r , Q ) policy. European Journal of Operational Research, 207 (2), 656–667 .
27. Gumus, M., Jewkes, E.M., Bookbinder, J.H., 2008. Impact of consignment inventory and vendor-managed inventory for a two-party supply chain. Int.J.Prod.Econ. 13(2),502–517.
28. John, D.S., 2016. Supply Chaın Management Practıces In Select CementCompanıes Of Andhra Pradesh, Doktora Tezi, Department Of Management Srı Krıshnadevaraya Unıversıty Anantapuramu - 515005., A.P., Indıa
29. Govindan, K., 2013. Vendor-managed inventory: a review based on dimensions,International Journal of Production Research, 51, 3808-3835.
30. Hanczar, P., 2014. Solving InventoryRouting Problems Using Location Based Heuristics. Operations Research and Decisions, 2, 81-96.
31. Han, J., Lu J, Zhang G, 2017. Tri-level decision-making for decentralized vendor-managed İnventory. Information Sciences, 421, 85-103.
32. Handfield R. B. and Nichols E. L., “Introduction to Supply Chain Management”, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1999, pp. 1-183.
33. Hariga, M., Gümüş, M., Daghfous, A., 2014. Storage Constrained vendor ManagedInventory Models with Unequal Shippment Frequencies. Omega, 48, 94-106.
34. Horvath, L., Collaboration: key to value creation in supply chain management. Int. J. Supply Chain Mgmt, 2001, 6, 205–207. Hu, B., Meng, C., Xu, D., & Son, Y. J. (2018). Supply chain coordination under vendor managed inventory-consignment stocking contracts with wholesale price constraint and fairness. International Journal of Production Economics, 202, 21-31.
35. Kauremaa, J., Småros, J. and Holmström J., 2009. Patterns of Vendor-Managed Inventory: Findings from a Multiple-Case Study. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 29 (11), 1109–1139.
36. Kim, H.-S., 2008. Revisiting "retailer- vs. vendor-managed inventory and brand competition, Management Science, 54, 623-626.
37. Kurt Salmon Associates Inc. (1993), Efficient Consumer Response: Enhancing Consumer Value in the Grocery Industry, Food Marketing Institute, Washington, DC.
38. Lee, H., Padmanabhan, V., Whang, S., 1997b. The bullwhip effect in supply chains. Sloan Management Review 38 (3), 93–102.
39. Lee, J-Y., Cho, R.K., 2014. Contracting for vendor-managed inventory with consignment stock and stockout-cost sharing. International Journal of Production Economics 151, 158-173.
40. Lummus, R.R, Vokurka R.J. 1999. Defining supply chain management: a historical perspective and practical guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 99 Issue: 1, pp.11-17.
41. Marquès, G., Thierry, C., Lamothe, J., Gourc, D., 2010. A review of vendor managed inventory (VMI): from concept to processes, Production Planning and Control 21 (6), 547-561.
42. Meyr, H., Wagner, M., Rohde, J., 2002. Structure of advanced planning systems. In: Stadtler, H., Kilger, C. (Eds.), Supply Chain Management and Advanced Planning––Concepts, Models Software and Case Studies, Berlin, pp. 99–104.
43. METZ, P.J. (1998), “Demystifying Supply Chain Management” Supply Chain Management Review Mishra, B.K.R.S., 2004. Retailer- vs. vendor-managed inventory and brand competition, Management Science, 50, 445-457.
44. Nagarajan, M., Rajagopalan, S., 2008. Contracting under vendor managed inventory systems using holding cost subsidies. Production Operations Management 17, 200-210.
45. Nachiappan, S. P., and Jawahar N., 2007. A Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Operating Parameters of VMI System in a Two-Echelon Supply Chain. European Journal of Operational Research 182 (3), 1433-1452.
46. Oliver, R. K., & Weber, M. D. (1982). Supply-chain management: Logistics catches up with strategy. In M. L. Christopher (Ed.), Logistics: The strategic issues (pp. 63–75). London: Chapman & Hall
47. Ovalle, O.R., Marquez, A.C., 2003. The effectiveness of using e-collaboration tools in the supply chain: An assessment study with system dynamics. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management 9 (4), 151–163. Pasandideh, S., Niaki, S., Roozbeh Nia, A.,2010. An investigation of vendor-managed inventory application in supply chain: the EOQ model with shortage, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 49, 329-339.
48. Pounder, P., Bovell G. and Pilgrim-Worrell, S. 2015 A Review of Supply Chain Management and Its Main External Influential Factors, Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 14:3, 42-50
49. Poursoltan, L., Mohammad Seyedhosseini, S., & Jabbarzadeh, A. (2021). A two-level closed-loop supply chain under the constract Of vendor managed inventory with learning: A novel hybrid algorithm. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 38(4), 254-270.
50. Rad, R.H., Razmi, J., Sangari, M.S., Ebrahimi, Z.F., 2014. Optimizing an integrated vendor-managed inventory system for a single-vendor two-buyer supply chain with determining weighting factor for vendor׳s ordering cost, International Journal of Production Economics, 153, 295-308.
51. Sari, K. (2007). Exploring the benefits of vendor managed inventory. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 37(7), 529–545. doi:10.1108/09600030710776464
52. Sari, K., 2008. On the benefits of CPFR and VMI: A comparative simulation study. Int. J. Production Economics 113, 575–586.
53. Seifert, D. (2003). Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment: How to create a supply chain advantage (1). U.S.A.: AMACOM, 1-93.
54. Shah, J., Goh, M., 2006. Setting operating policies for supply hubs. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 100, 239–252.
55. Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P., Simchi-Levi, E., (2000). Designing and Managing the Supply Chain-Concepts, Strategies, and Case Studies. McGraw-Hill, Singapore.
56. Simchi-Levi, D., Zhao, Y., 2003. The value of information sharing in a two stage supply chain with production capacity constraints. Naval Research Logistics 50 (8), 888–916.
57. Tan, K.C., Kannan, V.R., Handfield, R.B. (1998), “Supply chain Management: supplier performance and firm performance”, International Journal of Purchasing and Material Management, Vol.34 No.3, pp.2-9.
58. Tamdeğer, D., 2013. Tedarik zincirinde İşbirlikçi Bir Optimal Stok Kontrol Modeli. Yüksek Lisan Tezi, İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
59. Teng, L., Zhang, Z., Li, P., & Gong, D. (2019). Integrated inventory-transportation problem in vendor-managed inventory system. IEEE Access, 7, 160324-160333.
60. Verma, N.K., Chatterjee, A.K., 2017. A multiple-retailer replenishment model under VMI: accounting for the retailer heterogeneity. Comput. Ind. Eng. 104, 175–187.
61. Waller, M.A., Johnson, M.E., Davis, T., 1999. Vendor-managed inventory in the retail supply chain. Journal of Business Logistics 20 (1), 183–203.
62. Wang, C.X., 2009. Random yield and uncertain demand in decentralised supply chains under the traditional and VMI arrangements. International Journal of Production Research, 47(7), 1955-1968.
63. Wang, D., Wang, Z., Zhang, B., & Zhu, L. (2020). Vendor-managed inventory supply chain coordination based on commitment-penalty contracts with bilateral asymmetric information. Enterprise Information Systems, 1-18.
64. Weraikat, D., Zanjani, M. K., & Lehoux, N. (2019). Improving sustainability in a two-level pharmaceutical supply chain through Vendor-Managed Inventory system. Operations Research for Health Care, 21, 44-55.
65. Wong, W.K., Qi, J. and Leung, S.Y.S., 2009. Coordinating supply chains with sales rebate contracts and vendor-managed inventory. Int. J. Production Economics 120 (2009) 151–161
66. Yao, Y., Evers, P.T., Dresner, M.E., 2007. Supply chain integration in vendor-managed inventory. Decision Support Systems 43 (2), 663–674.
67. Yao, Y., Dong, Y., Dresner, M., 2010. Managing supply chain backorders under vendor managed inventory: an incentive approach and empirical analysis, European Journal of Operations Research 203, 350-359.
68. Yao, Y., Dong, Y., Dresner, M. 2007. Analyzing information-enabled stockout management under vendor-managed inventory. Information Technology and Management, 8, 133-145.
69. Yao, Y., Dresner M., 2008. The inventory value of information sharing, continuous replenishment, and vendor-managed inventory. Transportation Research Part E 44, 361-378
70. Yücesoy, F.M., 2005. Sürekli İkmal Programı ve Hızlı Tüketim Ürünleri Sektöründe Bir Uygulama, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul
71. Zavanella, L., Zanoni, S., 2009. A one-vendor multi-buyer integrated production-inventory model: the ‘consignment stock’ case, Int. J. Product. Econ. 118, 225-232.
72. Zhao, R. (2019). A review on theoretical development of vendor-managed inventory in supply chain. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 9(4), 999-1010.
73. Zhua, X., Xiea, L., Lina, G., & Mab, X. (2022). Decision analysis of individual supplier in a vendor-managed inventory program with revenue-sharing contract. Internatıonal Journal Of Industrıal Engıneerıng Computatıons.