Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

YOL ŞİDDETİNDE SİLAH ETKİSİNİN ROLÜ: BİR DERLEME

Yıl 2022, , 389 - 416, 30.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.1016442

Öz

Sıklıkla sürücüler arasında yol vermeme gibi nedenlerden dolayı trafikte yaşanan sözlü veya fiziksel şiddet, trafik güvenliğini tehdit ederek ciddi boyutlara ulaşmaktadır. Bu durum “road rage (yol şiddeti)” kavramıyla alanyazında karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yol şiddeti hakkında yapılan bazı araştırmalar, aracında silah bulunduran sürücülerin saldırgan davranışlar sergileme eğilimi açısından daha riskli olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu davranışlar üzerinde sosyal psikolojide “silah etkisi (weapons effect)” diye anılan kavramın etkili olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile, trafik ortamında sergilenen saldırgan davranışları etkilediği düşünülen faktörlerden silah etkisi üzerinde durularak, bu etki ile yol şiddeti arasındaki ilişkiye dair alanyazında yapılan araştırma bulguları üzerinden bir değerlendirme yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Konu, sosyal psikoloji ve trafik psikolojisi perspektifiyle trafik güvenliği kapsamında ele alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Kaynakça

  • Akşar, C., Alavcı, T., Tekin, M. ve Tekeş, B. (2018). Cinsiyetçiliğin Sürücü Öfkesi ve Sürücü Öfke İfadesi ile İlişkisi. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 69–87. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325070931_Cinsiyetciligin_Surucu_Ofkesi_ve_Surucu_Ofke_Ifadesi_ile_Iliskisi adresinden erişildi.
  • Aktaş, A. (2021). Sürücülerde alkol kullanımı ve yol şiddeti (road nage) arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi.
  • Anderson, C. A., Benjamin, A. J. ve Bartholow, B. D. (1998). Does the Gun Pull the Trigger? Automatic Priming Effects of Weapon Pictures and Weapon Names. Psychological Science, 9(4), 308–314. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00061.
  • Anderson, C. A. ve Bushman, B. J. (2002). Human Aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 27–51. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231.
  • Ariel, B., Lawes, D., Weinborn, C., Henry, R., Chen, K. ve Brants Sabo, H. (2019). The “Less-Than-Lethal Weapons Effect”—Introducing TASERs to Routine Police Operations in England and Wales: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 46(2), 280–300. doi:10.1177/0093854818812918.
  • Asbridge, M., Smart, R. G. ve Mann, R. E. (2003). The homogamy of road rage: understanding the relationship between victimization and offend- ing among aggressive and violent motorists. Violence Vict., 18, 517–531.
  • Asbridge, M., Smart, R. G. ve Mann, R. E. (2006). Can We Prevent Road Rage? Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 7(2), 109–121. doi:10.1177/1524838006286689.
  • Bandura, A. (1983). Psychological mechanisms of aggression. R. G. Geen ve E. Donnerstein (Ed.), Aggression:Theoretical and empirical reviews içinde . New York: Academic Press.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bartholow, B. D. ve Heinz, A. (2006). Alcohol and Aggression Without Consumption. Alcohol Cues, Aggressive Thoughts, and Hostile Perception Bias. Psychological Science, 17(1), 30–37. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01661.x.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L. ve Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103(1), 5–33. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5.
  • Benavidez, D. C., Flores, A. M., Fierro, I. ve Álvarez, F. J. (2013). Road rage among drug dependent patients. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 50, 848–853. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2012.07.010.
  • Benjamin, A. J. (2019). The Weapons Effect. National Social Science Journal, 52(1), 1–6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335025299_The_Weapons_Effect adresinden erişildi.
  • Benjamin, A. J. ve Bushman, B. J. (2016). The weapons priming effect. Current Opinion in Psychology, 12, 45–48. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.003.
  • Benjamin, A. J., Kepes, S. ve Bushman, B. J. (2018). Effects of Weapons on Aggressive Thoughts, Angry Feelings, Hostile Appraisals, and Aggressive Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Weapons Effect Literature. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22(4), 347–377. doi:10.1177/1088868317725419.
  • Berdoulat, E., Deninotti, J. ve Vavassori, D. (2021). Typology of aggressive and transgressive drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 162, 106404. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2021.106404.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1968). Impulse, aggression, and the gun. Psychology Today, 2, 19–22.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1974). Some determinants of impulsive aggression: Role of mediated associations with reinforcements for aggression. Psychological Review, 81(2), 165–176. doi:10.1037/h0036094.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. New York, NY: McGraw±Hill.
  • Berkowitz, L. ve Lepage, A. (1967). Weapons as aggression-eliciting stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7(2, Pt.1), 202–207. doi:10.1037/h0025008.
  • Bjørkly, S. (2006). Psychological Theories of Aggression: Principles and Application to Practice. Violence in Mental Health Settings içinde (ss. 27–46). New York, NY: Springer New York. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-33965-8_2.
  • Bjureberg, J. ve Gross, J. J. (2021). Regulating road rage. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 15(3). doi:10.1111/spc3.12586.
  • Brewer, A. M. (2000). Road rage: What, who, when, where and how? Transport Reviews, 20(1), 49–64. doi:10.1080/014416400295338.
  • Britt, T. W. ve Garrity, M. J. (2003). An integrative model of road rage. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 16(3), 53–79. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-10356-004 adresinden erişildi.
  • Bushman, B. J. ve Anderson, C. A. (2001). Is it time to pull the plug on hostile versus instrumental aggression dichotomy? Psychological Review, 108(1), 273–279. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.1.273.
  • Bushman, B. J. ve Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 219–229. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219.
  • Bushman, B. J., Kerwin, T., Whitlock, T. ve Weisenberger, J. M. (2017). The weapons effect on wheels: Motorists drive more aggressively when there is a gun in the vehicle. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 73, 82–85. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.06.007.
  • Carlson, M., Marcus-Newhall, A. ve Miller, N. (1990). Effects of situational aggression cues: A quantitative review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 622–633. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.622.
  • Carpenter, J. (2020). Kill switch: The evolution of road rage in an increasingly AI car culture. Living with Robots içinde (ss. 75–90). Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-815367-3.00004-9.
  • De Oca, B. M. ve Black, A. A. (2013). Bullets versus burgers: Is it threat or relevance that captures attention? American Journal of Psychology, 126(3), 287–300. doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.126.3.0287.
  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Deffenbacher, D. M., Lynch, R. S. ve Richards, T. L. (2003). Anger, aggression, and risky behavior: a comparison of high and low anger drivers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(6), 701–718. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00046-3.
  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Huff, M. E., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R. ve Salvatore, N. F. (2000). Characteristics and treatment of high-anger drivers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 5–17. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.5.
  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R. ve Swaim, R. C. (2002). The Driving Anger Expression Inventory: a measure of how people express their anger on the road. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), 717–737. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00063-8.
  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Oetting, E. R. ve Lynch, R. S. (1994). Development of a Driving Anger Scale. Psychological Reports, 74(1), 83–91. doi:10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.83.
  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Stephens, A. N. ve Sullman, M. J. M. (2016). Driving anger as a psychological construct: Twenty years of research using the Driving Anger Scale. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 236–247. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2015.10.021.
  • Dukes, R. L., Clayton, S. L., Jenkins, L. T., Miller, T. L. ve Rodgers, S. E. (2001). Effects of aggressive driving and driver characteristics on road rage. The Social Science Journal, 38(2), 323–331. doi:10.1016/S0362-3319(01)00117-3.
  • Ellis, D. P., Weinir, P. ve Miller, L. (1971). Does the Trigger Pull the Finger? An Experimental Test of Weapons as Aggression-Eliciting Stimuli. Sociometry, 34(4), 453. doi:10.2307/2786192.
  • Ellison-Potter, P., Bell, P. ve Deffenbacher, J. (2001). The Effects of Trait Driving Anger, Anonymity, and Aggressive Stimuli on Aggressive Driving Behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 431–443. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00204.x.
  • Ellison, P. A., Govern, J. M., Petri, H. L. ve Figler, M. H. (1995). Anonymity and Aggressive Driving Behavior:A Field Study. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 10(1), 265–272.
  • Engelhardt, C. R. ve Bartholow, B. D. (2013). Effects of Situational Cues on Aggressive Behavior. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(10), 762–774. doi:10.1111/spc3.12067.
  • Ergin, U., Fındık, G. ve Öz, B. (2020). Genç Sürücülerde Öfke Deneyimleri: Bir Nitel Analiz Çalışması. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 1–27. doi:10.38002/tuad.631087.
  • Ersöz Günindi, A. (2018). Toplumsal Yaşamda Şiddet: Trafikte Yol Vermeme Nedeni ile Yaşanan Şiddet Olaylarının Nedenlerine Multidisipliner Bir Bakış. Turkish Studies, 13(15), 495–508. doi:dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.13551.
  • Fong, G., Frost, D. ve Stansfeld, S. (2001). Road rage: A psychiatric phenomenon? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 277–286. doi:10.1007/s001270170045.
  • Galovski, T. E. ve Blanchard, E. B. (2004). Road rage: a domain for psychological intervention? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(2), 105–127. doi:10.1016/S1359-1789(02)00118-0.
  • Güngör, A., Tütenkan, M., Solmazer, G. ve Tekeş, B. (2020). Emotion Regulation Strategies and Driving Anger Expression: The Moderating Role of Gender. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi. doi:10.7816/nesne-08-16-09.
  • Hemenway, D., Vriniotis, M. ve Miller, M. (2006). Is an armed society a polite society? Guns and road rage. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(4), 687–695. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.12.014.
  • Indermaur, D. (1998). Preventing driving related violence. 7th international seminar on environmental criminology and crime analysis, Barcelona içinde .
  • Jacques-Philippe-Leyens ve Parke, R. D. (1975). Aggressive slides can induce a weapons effect. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5(2), 229–236. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420050207.
  • Joint, M. (1997). Road rage. Road rage. In: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Aggressive driving: three studies.
  • Klinesmith, J., Kasser, T. ve McAndrew, F. T. (2006). Guns, Testosterone, and Aggression. Psychological Science, 17(7), 568–571. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01745.x.
  • Krahé, B. ve Fenske, I. (2002). Predicting aggressive driving behavior: The role of macho personality, age, and power of car. Aggressive Behavior, 28(1), 21–29. doi:10.1002/ab.90003.
  • Lajunen, T., Parker, D. ve Stradling, S. G. (1998). Dimensions of driver anger, aggressive and highway code violations and their mediation by safety orientation in UK drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 1(2), 107–121. doi:10.1016/S1369-8478(98)00009-6.
  • Lajunen, T., Parker, D. ve Summala, H. (1999). Does traffic congestion increase driver aggression? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2(4), 225–236. doi:10.1016/S1369-8478(00)00003-6.
  • Lennon, A., Watson, B., Arlidge, C. ve Fraine, G. (2011). “You’re a bad driver but i just made a mistake”: Attribution differences between the “victims” and “perpetrators” of scenario-based aggressive driving incidents. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 14(3), 209–221. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2011.01.001.
  • Lindsay, J. J. ve Anderson, C. A. (2000). From Antecedent Conditions to Violent Actions: A General Affective Aggression Model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(5), 533–547. doi:10.1177/0146167200267002.
  • Miller, M., Azrael, D., Hemenway, D. ve Solop, F. I. (2002). ‘Road rage’ in Arizona: armed and dangerous. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 34(6), 807–814. doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(01)00080-X.
  • Møller, M. ve Haustein, S. (2018). Road anger expression—Changes over time and attributed reasons. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 119, 29–36. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2018.06.013.
  • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA]. (1998). Aggressive drivers view traffic differently Capital Beltway focus groups find.
  • Orhan, G. ve Yeter, Ö. B. (2019). Bir İç Güvenlik Sorunu Olarak Bireysel Silahlanma: Türkiye İçin Durum Değerlendirmesi Ve Politika Alternatifleri. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi 13. Uluslararası Kamu Yönetimi Sempozyumu Bildirileri Özel Sayısı, 130–143.
  • Özgün, Ö., Öztürk, İ. ve Öz, B. (2018). TRAFİK GÜVENLİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA DÜRTÜSEL SÜRÜCÜLÜĞÜN SÜRÜCÜ ÖFKE İFADESİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 329–354. doi:10.28956/gbd.482092.
  • Özkan, T., Lajunen, T., Parker, D., Sümer, N. ve Summala, H. (2011). Aggressive driving among British, Dutch, Finnish and Turkish drivers. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 16(3), 233–238. doi:10.1080/13588265.2010.536687.
  • Öztürk, İ., Özkan, Ö. ve Öz, B. (2021). Investigating sex, masculinity and femininity in relation to impulsive driving and driving anger expression. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 81, 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2021.05.009.
  • Parkinson, B. (2001). Anger on and off the road. British Journal of Psychology, 92(3), 507–526. doi:10.1348/000712601162310.
  • Pfeiffer, J.-L., Pueschel, K. ve Seifert, D. (2016). Interpersonal violence in road rage. Cases from the Medico-Legal Center for Victims of Violence in Hamburg. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 39, 42–45. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2015.11.023.
  • Smart, R. G., Mann, R. E. ve Stoduto, G. (2003). The Prevalence of Road Rage. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 94(4), 247–250. doi:10.1007/BF03403543.
  • Smart, R. G., Mann, R. E., Zhao, J. ve Stoduto, G. (2005). Is road rage increasing? Results of a repeated survey. Journal of Safety Research, 36(2), 195–201. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2005.03.005.
  • Stephens, A. N., Hill, T. ve Sullman, M. J. M. (2016). Driving anger in Ukraine: Appraisals, not trait driving anger, predict anger intensity while driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 88, 20–28. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.017.
  • Stephens, A. N., Lennon, A., Bihler, C. ve Trawley, S. (2019). The measure for angry drivers (MAD). Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 64, 472–484. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2019.06.002.
  • Subra, B., Muller, D., Bègue, L., Bushman, B. J. ve Delmas, F. (2010). Automatic Effects of Alcohol and Aggressive Cues on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(8), 1052–1057. doi:10.1177/0146167210374725.
  • Suhr, K. A. ve Nesbit, S. M. (2013). Dwelling on ‘Road Rage’: The effects of trait rumination on aggressive driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 21, 207–218. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2013.10.001.
  • Sümer, N. (2001). Yollarda şiddet: Saldırgan Sürücülük ve Yol Öfkesi. DostCa, 3(9), 30–32.
  • Tate, D. C., Reppucci, N. D. ve Mulvey, E. P. (1995). Violent juvenile delinquents: Treatment effectiveness and implications for future action. American Psychologist, 50(9), 777–781. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.777.
  • Turner, C. W., Layton, J. F. ve Simons, L. S. (1975). Naturalistic studies of aggressive behavior: Aggressive stimuli, victim visibility, and horn honking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(6), 1098–1107. doi:10.1037/h0076960.
  • Whitlock, F. A. (1971). Death on the Road: A Study in Social Violence. London: Tavistock Publications.
  • Xu, X., Hao, H., Liu, Z., Lin, H. ve Kim, I. (2018). Understanding Road Rage: Insights from a Synthesis of Research. CICTP 2017 içinde (ss. 4399–4409). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. doi:10.1061/9780784480915.455.
  • Yasak ve Eşiyok, B. (2009). Anger amongst Turkish drivers: Driving Anger Scale and its adapted, long and short version. Safety Science, 47(1), 138–144. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2008.02.003.
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Alev Aktaş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Aktaş, A. (2022). YOL ŞİDDETİNDE SİLAH ETKİSİNİN ROLÜ: BİR DERLEME. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 389-416. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.1016442

24347   14728   14731   14739   


Bu dergi creative commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.   29846