ADLİ AMAÇLI ULUSAL DNA VERİ BANKASI KURULMASI İLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ DÜZEYİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ

Öz

Adli DNA veri tabanları suçla mücadelede, suçun önlenmesi ve çözümlenmesi konusunda dikkate değer başarılar elde etmektedir. Veri tabanları dünya genelinde hızla büyümeye devam ederken, toplumsal bazı çekinceler ve kaygılar da tartışılmaktadır. Toplumun görüşleri politika ve yasa yapıcıların DNA veri tabanları için evrensel doğrular düzleminde, kabul edilebilir ve orantılı yasal rejimler geliştirmelerine destek olabilmektedir. Halkın görüşleri aynı zamanda veri tabanının geliştirilmesi, kullanımı ve yönetiminin nasıl olması gerektiği hakkında da bilgi sağlayabilmektedir. Araştırmamızda toplumun adli DNA veri bankaları konusundaki bilgi düzeyleri, farkındalıkları, Etik ve mahremiyet konularındaki kaygıları, saklama rejimleri, etkinliği hakkındaki görüşleri ve desteğinin belirlenmesine yönelik Yargı, Sağlık, Eğitim, Kolluk Kuvveti çalışanları ve diğer mesleklere mensup 480 kişilik katılımcı grup ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Katılımcılara 5’i demografik olmak üzere 27 soru yöneltilmiştir. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde toplumda bazı endişelerin olduğu fakat bu endişelere rağmen adli DNA veri bankalarının %97,3 oranında suçla mücadelede etkin olduğu ve bu veri tabanlarının kurulmasının gerekli olduğunun düşünüldüğü, kolluk kuvveti alanında çalışanlarının bilgi düzeyi, farkındalık, güven duygusu ve destek oranının tutarlı bir şekilde yüksek oranda olduğu, endişe ve kaygılar konusunda yargı çalışanlarının diğer meslek gruplarından olumsuz yönde ayrıştığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adli DNA Veri Bankaları
• Adli Genetik
• Adli Biyoloji
• Suç ve Adalet

MEASURING THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL DNA DATA BANK FOR FORENSIC PURPOSES

Öz

Forensic DNA databases are achieving remarkable success in the fight against crime, crime prevention and crime solving. As databases continue to grow rapidly around the world, some social reservations and concerns are also being discussed. Public opinion can help policy and legislators to develop acceptable and proportionate legal regimes for DNA databases that are in line with universal truths. Public opinion can also inform how databases should be developed, used and managed. In our research, a survey was conducted with a group of 480 participants from the Judiciary, Health, Education, Law Enforcement and other professions to determine the level of knowledge, awareness, ethical and privacy concerns, retention regimes, opinions and support of the public on forensic DNA databases. Participants were asked 27 questions, 5 of which were demographic. When the results were evaluated, it was determined that there are some concerns in the society, but despite these concerns, Forensic DNA Databases are %97,3 effective in combating crime and it is necessary to establish these databases, the level of knowledge, awareness, sense of trust and support of the employees in the field of law enforcement is consistently high, and the judicial employees differ negatively from other professional groups in terms of concerns.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Forensic DNA Databases
• Forensic Genetics
• Forensic Biology
• Crime and Justice.

Kaynakça

1. Amankwaa, Aaron Opoku. 2019. Forensic DNA Databasing: Retention Regimes and Efficacy. University of Northumbria at Newcastle (United Kingdom).
2. Amankwaa, Aaron Opoku, and Carole McCartney. 2019. “The Effectiveness of the UK National DNA Database.” Forensic Science International: Synergy 1:45–55. doi: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.03.004.
3. Berg, Jeremy Mark, John L. Tymoczko, and Lubert Stryer. 2012. “Biochemistry/Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer; with Gregory J. Gatto, Jr.”
4. Bhati, Avinash Singh. 2010. Quantifying the Specific Deterrent Effects of DNA Databases. Justice Policy Center, Urban Institute Washington, DC.
5. Briody, Michael. 2004. “The Effects of DNA Evidence on Homicide Cases in Court.” Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 37(2):231–52.
6. Butler, John M. 2005. Forensic DNA Typing: Biology, Technology, and Genetics of STR Markers. Elsevier.
7. Curtis, Cate. 2009. “Public Perceptions and Expectations of the Forensic Use of DNA: Results of a Preliminary Study.” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 29(4):313–24.
8. Curtis, Cate. 2014. “Public Understandings of the Forensic Use of DNA: Positivity, Misunderstandings, and Cultural Concerns.” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 34(1–2):21–32.

9. Dundes, Lauren. 2001. “Is the American Public Ready to Embrace DNA as a Crime-Fighting Tool? A Survey Assessing Support for DNA Databases.” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 21(5):369–75.
10. Gabriel, Matthew, Cherisse Boland, and Cydne Holt. 2010. “Beyond the Cold Hit: Measuring the Impact of the National DNA Data Bank on Public Safety at the City and County Level.” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38(2):396–411.
11. Gamero, Joaquín-Jose, José-Luis Romero, Juan-Luis Peralta, Francisco Corte-Real, Margarita Guillén, and Maria-Joao Anjos. 2008. “A Study of Spanish Attitudes Regarding the Custody and Use of Forensic DNA Databases.” Forensic Science International: Genetics 2(2):138–49.
12. Hindmarsh, R., Prainsack, B., 2010. Genetic suspects: Global governance of forensic DNA profiling and databasing. Cambridge University Press.
13. Houck, M. M., 2015. Forensic biology. Academic Press.
14. Lee, Ji Hyun, Sohee Cho, Moon Young Kim, Seung Hwan Lee, Hwan Young Lee, Soong Deok Lee, Sarah Prusoff LoCascio, and Kyu Won Jung. 2019. “Public Perception of a Criminal DNA Database in Korea.” Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research 7(2):75–93.
15. Machado, Helena, and Rafaela Granja. 2020. Forensic Genetics in the Governance of Crime. Springer Singapore.
16. Machado, Helena, and Susana Silva. 2015. “Public Perspectives on Risks and Benefits of Forensic DNA Databases: An Approach to the Influence of Professional Group, Education, and Age.” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 35(1–2):16–24.
17. McCartney, Carole. 2006. “The DNA Expansion Programme and Criminal Investigation.” British Journal of Criminology 46(2):175–92.
18. Mpa. 2011. “Protecting the Innocent: The London Experience of DNA and the National DNA Database Report by the MPA Civil Liberties Panel.”
19. Nelson, David L., Albert L. Lehninger, and Michael M. Cox. 2004. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Lecture Notebook. Macmillan.
20. Primorac, Dragan, and Moses Schanfield. 2023. Forensic DNA Applications: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. CRC Press.
21. Raosoft Inc., 2024. Sample Size Calculator by Raosoft, http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html (Erişim tarihi: 26.05.2024).
22. Sariaslan, Amir, Louise Arseneault, Henrik Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein, and Seena Fazel. 2020. “Risk of Subjection to Violence and Perpetration of Violence in Persons with Psychiatric Disorders in Sweden.” JAMA Psychiatry 77(4):359–67.
23. Tatar. 2016. “Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Hafsa Sultan Hastane’sinde Görev Yapan Hekimlerin Adli DNA Bankası Oluşturulması Konusuna Bakış Açıları.” Manisa.
24. Teodorović, Smilja, Dragan Mijović, Una Radovanović Nenadić, and Marina Savić. 2017. “Attitudes Regarding the National Forensic DNA Database: Survey Data from the General Public, Prison Inmates and Prosecutors’ Offices in the Republic of Serbia.” Forensic Science International: Genetics 28:44–51.
25. Tuğ, Ayşim. 2007. “Adli Dna Bankalarına Toplumun Yaklaşımı.” Adli Tıp Dergisi 21(2):1–10.
26. Voss, Georgina. 2000. “Report to the Human Genetics Commission on Public Attitudes to the Uses of Human Genetic Information.” Hum Genet Comm.
27. Wang, Dennis Y., Siddhita Gopinath, Robert E. Lagacé, Wilma Norona, Lori K. Hennessy, Marc L. Short, and Julio J. Mulero. 2015. “Developmental Validation of the GlobalFiler® Express PCR Amplification Kit: A 6-Dye Multiplex Assay for the Direct Amplification of Reference Samples.” Forensic Science International: Genetics 19:148–55.
28. Whiting, Daniel, Paul Lichtenstein, and Seena Fazel. 2021. “Violence and Mental Disorders: A Structured Review of Associations by Individual Diagnoses, Risk Factors, and Risk Assessment.” The Lancet Psychiatry 8(2):150–61.
29. Whittall, Hugh. 2008. “A Closer Look at the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.” Clinical Ethics 3(4):199–204. Williams, Robin, and Paul Johnson. 2004. “‘Wonderment and Dread’: Representations of DNA in Ethical Disputes about Forensic DNA Databases.” New Genetics and Society 23(2):205–23.
30. Zgoba, Kristen M., Rusty Reeves, Anthony Tamburello, and Lisa Debilio. 2020. “Criminal Recidivism in Inmates with Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders.” J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 48(2):209–15