ADLİ PSİKOLOJİDE ALDATMA DAVRANIŞI TESPİTİ: PSİKOFİZYOLOJİK YÖNTEMLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Aldatma tespiti, hem yasal hem de toplumsal bağlamlarda dürüst olmayan davranışların doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesinin kritik öneme sahip olması nedeni ile psikoloji, kolluk kuvvetleri ve adli bilimler alanında uzun süredir ilgi odağı olmuştur. Davranışsal gözlem ve öz-bildirim gibi geleneksel yöntemlerin öznel yorumlara dayanması nedeni ile daha az güvenilir olmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum, aldatıcı davranışlarla ilişkili fizyolojik değişikliklerin objektif ve ölçülebilir göstergelerini sağlayan psikofizyolojik yöntemlere olan bağımlılığı artırmıştır. Poligraf testi, elektroensefalografi, fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, işlevsel yakın kızılaltı spektroskopi, kalp atım hızı, galvanik deri iletkenliği gibi psikofizyolojik teknikler, araştırmacıların ve uygulayıcıların aldatma sırasında ortaya çıkan bilişsel ve duygusal süreçlerin fizyolojik bağlantılarını incelemesine olanak tanır. Özellikle aldatma davranışı ile genellikle ilişkili olarak artan bilişsel yük ve duygusal stres, kalp atış hızında, deri iletkenliğinde ve beyin aktivitesinde değişiklikler olarak kendini gösterebilmektedir. Psikofizyolojik yöntemlerin aldatma tespitinde uygulanması, tutarlı ve nicel veriler sağlayabilme yetenekleri nedeni ile önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Ayrıca, aldatma daranışının temel mekanizmalarının daha iyi aydınlatılması ile birlikte daha güvenilir ve geçerli araçların geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu bağlamda psikofizyoloji alanında yapılan çalışmalar sayesinde araştırmacılar ve uygulayıcılar, aldatma tespitinin doğruluğunu artırabilir, hataları azaltabilir ve yüksek riskli senaryolarda sonuçları iyileştirebilir. Bu derleme ile adli psikoloji alanında kullanılan psikofizyolojik yöntemler özetlenmiş olup alan çalışanlarına yol göstermesi hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aldatma Tespiti
• Psikofizyoloji
• Elektroensefalografi
• Fonksiyonel Manyetik Rezönans Görüntüleme
• İşlevsel Yakın Kızılaltı Spektroskopisi

DETECTING DECEPTION IN FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY: A TRADITIONAL REVIEW ON THE EVALUATION OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS

Öz

Deception detection has long been a focus of interest in psychology, law enforcement, and forensic sciences because of the critical importance of accurately identifying dishonest behavior in both legal and societal contexts. Traditional methods such as behavioral observation and self-reports are based on subjective interpretations, making them less reliable. This has increased the reliance on psychophysiological methods that provide objective and measurable indicators of physiological changes associated with deceptive behavior. Scientists and doctors can use tools like polygraphs, electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, heart rate variability, galvanic skin conductance, and more to look into the physical connections between mental and emotional processes that happen when someone is lying. In particular, the increased cognitive load and emotional stress that are often associated with dishonest behavior can manifest as changes in heart rate, skin conductance, and brain activity. The application of psychophysiological methods in infidelity detection has significant potential due to their ability to provide consistent and quantitative data. Furthermore, it may contribute to the development of more reliable and valid instruments, along with better elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of deception. In this context, studies in psychophysiology can help researchers and practitioners increase the accuracy of deception detection, reduce errors, and improve outcomes in high-risk scenarios. This review summarizes the psychophysiological methods used in forensic psychology and aims to provide guidance to those working in the field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deception detection
• Psychophysiology
• Electroencephalography
• Functional magnetic resonance imaging
• Functional near-infrared spectroscopy

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