GÜVENLİK TEKNOLOJİLERİNDE GNSS’İN STRATEJİK ROLÜ VE ULUSAL NAVİGASYON SİSTEMLERİNE YÖNELİK ALTERNATİF YAKLAŞIMLAR

Yıl 2025, Sayı: Kolluk Uygulamaları ve Güvenlik Teknolojileri Özel Sayısı, 233 - 257, 27.10.2025

Vedat Yılmaz

Öz

Küresel Uydu Navigasyon Sistemleri (GNSS), modern dünyanın hem sivil hem de askeri alanlarında kritik bir altyapı unsuru haline gelmiştir. Ulaşım, enerji, finans ve güvenlik sektörlerinde sağladığı yüksek doğruluklu konum, zaman ve yön verisi sayesinde GNSS sistemleri, günlük yaşamdan stratejik operasyonlara kadar geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Ancak bu yaygın kullanım, beraberinde zayıf sinyal yapısından kaynaklanan jammer ve spoofer saldırılarına açık olma, jeopolitik bağımlılık ve sistemik çökme riskleri gibi ciddi güvenlik tehditlerini getirmiştir. Bu tehditler, özellikle elektronik harp ve siber saldırı ortamlarında GNSS sistemlerini kırılgan hale getirmektedir. Bu makale, GNSS'e olan stratejik bağımlılığın ulusal güvenlik üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmekte ve alternatif çözüm olarak ulusal karasal navigasyon sistemlerinin geliştirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. eLoran, DGNSS ve RTK gibi karasal sistemler; güçlü sinyal yapıları, yerel kontrol edilebilirlikleri ve jammer/spoofer dayanımları sayesinde GNSS’in tamamlayıcısı ve yedeği olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Türkiye özelinde milli karasal navigasyon altyapısının kurulması, savunma sanayii stratejileri ve milli teknoloji hamleleriyle paralel yürütülmesi gereken bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, çok katmanlı navigasyon sistemleri (GNSS + karasal + ataletsel sistemler) ulusal güvenliğin sürdürülebilirliği açısından kritik bir strateji olarak önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güvenlik Teknolojileri , GNSS , Konumlama , Tehdit , Elektronik Harp

STRATEGIC ROLE OF GNSS IN SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPROACHES TO NATIONAL TERRESTRIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM

Öz

Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) have become a critical infrastructure element in both civilian and military areas of the modern world. Thanks to the high-accuracy location, time and direction data they provide in the transportation, energy, finance and security sectors, GNSS systems have a wide range of use from daily life to strategic operations. However, this widespread use has brought with it serious security threats such as being vulnerable to jammer and spoofer attacks due to weak signal structure, geopolitical dependency and systemic collapse risks. These threats make GNSS systems vulnerable, especially in electronic warfare and cyber attack environments. This article analyzes the effects of strategic dependency on GNSS on national security and emphasizes the importance of developing national terrestrial navigation systems as an alternative solution. Terrestrial systems such as eLoran, DGNSS and RTK stand out as complementary and backup to GNSS thanks to their strong signal structures, local controllability and jammer/spoofer resistance. In Türkiye, the establishment of a national terrestrial navigation infrastructure has become a necessity that must be carried out in parallel with defense industry strategies and national technology initiatives. In this regard, multi-layered navigation systems (GNSS + terrestrial + inertial systems) are suggested as a critical strategy for the sustainability of national security.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Security Technologies , GNSS , Positioning , Threat , Electronic warfare

Kaynakça

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