Araştırma Makalesi
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Covid-19 Pandemisinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Umut Düzeyleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 26 - 51, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.845716

Öz

Bu çalışmada COVID-19 pandemisinde örgün eğitim görmekte iken sosyal ortamlarından uzaklaşarak uzaktan eğitime geçen üniversite öğrencilerinin umut düzeyleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmaya 528 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma verilerini elde etmek amacıyla Herth Umut Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ancak ölçek üniversite öğrencilerine yönelik olarak tekrar yapılandırılmış ve dört boyutta umut düzeyi incelenmiştir. Boyutlar inanç, olumlu hazır oluş, kendisi ve çevresindekilerle arasındaki bağ ve geleceğe dair plandır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin genel umut düzeyleri ortalamanın üzerinde görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin geleceğe dair planları bulunmaktadır, iyi ve güzel şeylerin olacağına dair inançları da yüksektir. COVID-19 pandemisi, öğrencilerin kendilerini aşırı yük altında ve tuzağa düşmüş gibi hissetmelerine neden olmakla birlikte, yaşamın anlamı ve amacının olduğuna dair inançlarının da halen var olduğu ve kendi yollarını bulmaya kararlı olduklarını göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., ve Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96(2), 358-372.
  • Ahmed, M. Z., Ahmed, O., Aibao, Z., Hanbin, S., Siyu, L., ve Ahmad, A. (2020). Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(102092), 1-7.
  • Aslan, Ö., Sekmen, K., Kömürcü, Ş., ve Özet, A. (2007). Kanserli hastalarda umut. CÜ Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(2), 18-24.
  • Barbisch, D., Koenig, K. L., ve Shih, F. Y. (2015). Is there a case for quarantine? Perspectives from SARS to Ebola. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 9(5), 1-13.
  • Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., ve Weissman, A. (1975). Hopelessness and suicidal behavior: An overview. Jama, 234(11), 1146-1149.
  • Ben-Ezra, M., Sun, S., Hou, W. K., ve Goodwin, R. (2020). The association of being in quarantine and related COVID-19 recommended and non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in Chinese population. Journal of Affective Disorders. 275(2020), 66–68.
  • Benton, S. A., Robertson, J. M., Tseng, W. C., Newton, F. B., ve Benton, S. L. (2003). Changes in counseling center client problems across 13years. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34(1), 66–72.
  • Bhuyan, A.I., Sakib, N., Pakpour, A., Griffiths, M.D., ve Mamun, M.A. (2020). COVID-19- related suicides in Bangladesh due to lockdown and economic factors: case study evidence from media reports. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, [Letter to the Editor], 1–16.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., ve Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 395(10227), 912–920.
  • Burrell, C. J., Howard, C. R., ve Murphy, F. A. (2016). Fenner and White's Medical Virology. United Kingdom: Academic Press.
  • CDC COVID Team Covid. (2020a). Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) United States, MMWR Morbidite Mortalite Weekly Report, 69(12), 343-346.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Quarantine and isolation. Erişim Adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/index.html . (16.11.2020).
  • Chan, J.F.-W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.-H., To, K.K.-W., Chu, H., Yang, J., ...ve Yuen, K.Y. (2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The Lancet, 395(10223), 514-523.
  • Cucinotta, D., ve Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91(1), 157-160.
  • Diamond, R., ve Byrd, E. (2020). Standing up for health–improving mental wellbeing during COVID-19 isolation by reducing sedentary behaviour. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277(2020), 232-234.
  • Dilbaz, N. ve Seber, G. (1993). Umutsuzluk kavramı: Depresyon ve intiharda önemi. Kriz Dergisi, 1(3), 134-138.
  • Domínguez-Ortega, J., López-Carrasco, V., Barranco, P., Ifim, M., Luna, J. A., Romero, D., ve Quirce, S. (2020). Early experiences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe asthmatics receiving biologic therapy. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(8), 2784-2786.
  • Dong, E., Du, H., ve Gardner, L. (2020). An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 533-534.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2020a). Pneumonia of unknown caused China. Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumoniaof-unkown-cause-china/en/. (8 Kasım 2020).
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (World Health Organization). (2020b). What is COVID-19? Erişim Adresi:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses. (10 Kasım 2020).
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2020c). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/MentalHealth/2020.1). Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf.
  • Erdemir, F., Polater, E., ve Çırlak, A. (2011). Yeni-Yeniden tanımlanan enfeksiyonlar ve enfeksiyon kontrolü. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 47-61.
  • Ermeç Sertoğlu, A. (2014), Karar Verme Sürecinde Tüketici Karmaşası (Kaosu): Ölçek Geliştirme, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Flesaker, K., ve Larsen, D. (2012). To offer hope you must have hope: Accounts of hope for reintegration counsellors working with women on parole and probation. Qualitative Social Work, 11(1), 61-79.
  • Goyal, K., Chauhan, P., Chhikara, K., Gupta, P., ve Singh, M. P. (2020). Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India!. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(10198), 1.
  • Hair, J.F.Jr, Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. ve Tatham, R.L. (2005). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th Edition). United States of America: Pearson, Prentice Hall.
  • Hawryluck, L., Gold, W. L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S., ve Styra, R. (2004). SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(7), 1206-1212.
  • Herth, K, (1991). Development and refinement of an instrument to measure hope. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 5(1), 39-51.
  • Heymann, D. L., ve Shindo, N. (2020). COVID-19: what is next for public health?. The Lancet, 395(10224), 542-545.
  • Holmes, K. V. (2003). SARS-associated coronavirus. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(20), 1948-1951.
  • Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen MR. (2008) Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Inter Agency Standing Committee (2020) Interim Briefing Note Addressing Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of COVID-19 Outbreak (developed by the IASC’s Reference Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Erişim Adresi: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/other/interim-briefing-note-addressing-mental-health-andpsychosocial-aspects-covid-19-outbreak.
  • Johns Hopkins Medicine, Coronavirus Second Wave? Why Cases Increase? Erişim Adresi: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/first-and-second-waves-of-coronavirus. (16.11.2020).
  • Kalaitzaki, A. E., Tamiolaki, A., ve Rovithis, M. (2020). The healthcare professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of resilience and posttraumatic growth. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 52(102172), 1.
  • Larsen, D., Edey, W. and LeMay, L. (2007) Understanding the Role of Hope in Counselling: Exploring the Intentional Uses of Hope. Counselling Psychology Quarterly. 20(4), 401-416.
  • Lima, C. K. T., de Medeiros Carvalho, P. M., Lima, I. D. A. S., de Oliveira Nunes, J. V. A., Saraiva, J. S., de Souza, R. I., ... ve Neto, M. L. R. (2020). The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Research, 287(112915), 1-2.
  • Mack, K ve Yamey, G. After Cruise Ships and Nursing Homes, Will universities Be the Next COVID-19 Tinderboxes? Erişim Adresi:https://time.com/5867395/will-universities-be-next-covid-19-tinderboxes/. (10.11.2020).
  • Manuell M.E. ve Cukor J. (2011). Mother Nature versus human nature: public compliance with evacuation and quarantine. Disasters. 35(2), 417-442.
  • Marra, M. A., Jones, S. J., Astell, C. R., Holt, R. A., Brooks-Wilson, A., Butterfield, Y. S., ... ve Cloutier, A. (2003). The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus. Science, 300(5624), 1399-1404.
  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., ... ve Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78(2020), 185-193.
  • Olivera-La Rosa, A., Chuquichambi, E. G., ve Ingram, G. P. (2020). Keep your (social) distance: Pathogen concerns and social perception in the time of COVID-19. Personality and Individual Differences, 166(110200), 1-7.
  • Panettieri, R. A., Carson, J., Horton, D., Barrett, E., Roy, J., ve Radbel, J. (2020). Asthma and COVID: What Are the Important Questions?. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(8), 2487-2488.
  • Repici, A., Maselli, R., Colombo, M., Gabbiadini, R., Spadaccini, M., Anderloni, A., ... ve Pellegatta, G. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: what the department of endoscopy should know. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 92(1), 192-197.
  • Rideout, E., ve Montemuro, M. (1986). Hope, morale and adaptation in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 11(4), 429-438.
  • Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of universities due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus, 12(4), 1-6.
  • Sayar, M. K., Öztürk, M., ve Acar, B. (2000). Aşırı dozda ilaç alımıyla intihar girişiminde bulunan ergenlerde psikolojik etkenler. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 10(3), 133-138.
  • Seçer, B., ve Yazıcı (2018). M. O. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde İş Umudu ve Tükenmişlik İlişkisi. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 9(2), 48-60.
  • Sher, L. (2020). COVID-19, anxiety, sleep disturbances and suicide. Sleep Medicine. 70(2020), 124.
  • Sprang G ve Silman M. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 7, 105–10.
  • Soetikno, R., Teoh, A. Y., Kaltenbach, T., Lau, J. Y., Asokkumar, R., Cabral-Prodigalidad, P., ve Shergill, A. (2020). Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 92(1), 176:183.
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Hope Levels Of University Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 26 - 51, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.845716

Öz

This study attempted to reveal the hope levels of university students removed from their social environments participated in mandatory distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 528 students participated in the study. A version of the Herth Hope Scale restructured for university students measuring four dimensions of hope (i.e., belief, positivity, the relationship between oneself and his/her environment, and future plans) was used to obtain research data. The study found that students’ hope levels were above average. Students have plans for the future and their belief that good things will happen are strong. While the COVID-19 pandemic causes students to feel overwhelmed and trapped, their beliefs about the meaning and purpose of life persist and are determined to find their own path.

Kaynakça

  • Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., ve Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96(2), 358-372.
  • Ahmed, M. Z., Ahmed, O., Aibao, Z., Hanbin, S., Siyu, L., ve Ahmad, A. (2020). Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(102092), 1-7.
  • Aslan, Ö., Sekmen, K., Kömürcü, Ş., ve Özet, A. (2007). Kanserli hastalarda umut. CÜ Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(2), 18-24.
  • Barbisch, D., Koenig, K. L., ve Shih, F. Y. (2015). Is there a case for quarantine? Perspectives from SARS to Ebola. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 9(5), 1-13.
  • Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., ve Weissman, A. (1975). Hopelessness and suicidal behavior: An overview. Jama, 234(11), 1146-1149.
  • Ben-Ezra, M., Sun, S., Hou, W. K., ve Goodwin, R. (2020). The association of being in quarantine and related COVID-19 recommended and non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in Chinese population. Journal of Affective Disorders. 275(2020), 66–68.
  • Benton, S. A., Robertson, J. M., Tseng, W. C., Newton, F. B., ve Benton, S. L. (2003). Changes in counseling center client problems across 13years. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34(1), 66–72.
  • Bhuyan, A.I., Sakib, N., Pakpour, A., Griffiths, M.D., ve Mamun, M.A. (2020). COVID-19- related suicides in Bangladesh due to lockdown and economic factors: case study evidence from media reports. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, [Letter to the Editor], 1–16.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., ve Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 395(10227), 912–920.
  • Burrell, C. J., Howard, C. R., ve Murphy, F. A. (2016). Fenner and White's Medical Virology. United Kingdom: Academic Press.
  • CDC COVID Team Covid. (2020a). Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) United States, MMWR Morbidite Mortalite Weekly Report, 69(12), 343-346.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Quarantine and isolation. Erişim Adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/index.html . (16.11.2020).
  • Chan, J.F.-W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.-H., To, K.K.-W., Chu, H., Yang, J., ...ve Yuen, K.Y. (2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The Lancet, 395(10223), 514-523.
  • Cucinotta, D., ve Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91(1), 157-160.
  • Diamond, R., ve Byrd, E. (2020). Standing up for health–improving mental wellbeing during COVID-19 isolation by reducing sedentary behaviour. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277(2020), 232-234.
  • Dilbaz, N. ve Seber, G. (1993). Umutsuzluk kavramı: Depresyon ve intiharda önemi. Kriz Dergisi, 1(3), 134-138.
  • Domínguez-Ortega, J., López-Carrasco, V., Barranco, P., Ifim, M., Luna, J. A., Romero, D., ve Quirce, S. (2020). Early experiences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe asthmatics receiving biologic therapy. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(8), 2784-2786.
  • Dong, E., Du, H., ve Gardner, L. (2020). An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 533-534.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2020a). Pneumonia of unknown caused China. Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumoniaof-unkown-cause-china/en/. (8 Kasım 2020).
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (World Health Organization). (2020b). What is COVID-19? Erişim Adresi:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses. (10 Kasım 2020).
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2020c). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/MentalHealth/2020.1). Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf.
  • Erdemir, F., Polater, E., ve Çırlak, A. (2011). Yeni-Yeniden tanımlanan enfeksiyonlar ve enfeksiyon kontrolü. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 47-61.
  • Ermeç Sertoğlu, A. (2014), Karar Verme Sürecinde Tüketici Karmaşası (Kaosu): Ölçek Geliştirme, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Flesaker, K., ve Larsen, D. (2012). To offer hope you must have hope: Accounts of hope for reintegration counsellors working with women on parole and probation. Qualitative Social Work, 11(1), 61-79.
  • Goyal, K., Chauhan, P., Chhikara, K., Gupta, P., ve Singh, M. P. (2020). Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India!. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(10198), 1.
  • Hair, J.F.Jr, Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. ve Tatham, R.L. (2005). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th Edition). United States of America: Pearson, Prentice Hall.
  • Hawryluck, L., Gold, W. L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S., ve Styra, R. (2004). SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(7), 1206-1212.
  • Herth, K, (1991). Development and refinement of an instrument to measure hope. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 5(1), 39-51.
  • Heymann, D. L., ve Shindo, N. (2020). COVID-19: what is next for public health?. The Lancet, 395(10224), 542-545.
  • Holmes, K. V. (2003). SARS-associated coronavirus. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(20), 1948-1951.
  • Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen MR. (2008) Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.
  • Inter Agency Standing Committee (2020) Interim Briefing Note Addressing Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of COVID-19 Outbreak (developed by the IASC’s Reference Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Erişim Adresi: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/other/interim-briefing-note-addressing-mental-health-andpsychosocial-aspects-covid-19-outbreak.
  • Johns Hopkins Medicine, Coronavirus Second Wave? Why Cases Increase? Erişim Adresi: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/first-and-second-waves-of-coronavirus. (16.11.2020).
  • Kalaitzaki, A. E., Tamiolaki, A., ve Rovithis, M. (2020). The healthcare professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of resilience and posttraumatic growth. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 52(102172), 1.
  • Larsen, D., Edey, W. and LeMay, L. (2007) Understanding the Role of Hope in Counselling: Exploring the Intentional Uses of Hope. Counselling Psychology Quarterly. 20(4), 401-416.
  • Lima, C. K. T., de Medeiros Carvalho, P. M., Lima, I. D. A. S., de Oliveira Nunes, J. V. A., Saraiva, J. S., de Souza, R. I., ... ve Neto, M. L. R. (2020). The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Research, 287(112915), 1-2.
  • Mack, K ve Yamey, G. After Cruise Ships and Nursing Homes, Will universities Be the Next COVID-19 Tinderboxes? Erişim Adresi:https://time.com/5867395/will-universities-be-next-covid-19-tinderboxes/. (10.11.2020).
  • Manuell M.E. ve Cukor J. (2011). Mother Nature versus human nature: public compliance with evacuation and quarantine. Disasters. 35(2), 417-442.
  • Marra, M. A., Jones, S. J., Astell, C. R., Holt, R. A., Brooks-Wilson, A., Butterfield, Y. S., ... ve Cloutier, A. (2003). The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus. Science, 300(5624), 1399-1404.
  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., ... ve Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78(2020), 185-193.
  • Olivera-La Rosa, A., Chuquichambi, E. G., ve Ingram, G. P. (2020). Keep your (social) distance: Pathogen concerns and social perception in the time of COVID-19. Personality and Individual Differences, 166(110200), 1-7.
  • Panettieri, R. A., Carson, J., Horton, D., Barrett, E., Roy, J., ve Radbel, J. (2020). Asthma and COVID: What Are the Important Questions?. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(8), 2487-2488.
  • Repici, A., Maselli, R., Colombo, M., Gabbiadini, R., Spadaccini, M., Anderloni, A., ... ve Pellegatta, G. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: what the department of endoscopy should know. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 92(1), 192-197.
  • Rideout, E., ve Montemuro, M. (1986). Hope, morale and adaptation in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 11(4), 429-438.
  • Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of universities due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus, 12(4), 1-6.
  • Sayar, M. K., Öztürk, M., ve Acar, B. (2000). Aşırı dozda ilaç alımıyla intihar girişiminde bulunan ergenlerde psikolojik etkenler. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 10(3), 133-138.
  • Seçer, B., ve Yazıcı (2018). M. O. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde İş Umudu ve Tükenmişlik İlişkisi. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 9(2), 48-60.
  • Sher, L. (2020). COVID-19, anxiety, sleep disturbances and suicide. Sleep Medicine. 70(2020), 124.
  • Sprang G ve Silman M. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 7, 105–10.
  • Soetikno, R., Teoh, A. Y., Kaltenbach, T., Lau, J. Y., Asokkumar, R., Cabral-Prodigalidad, P., ve Shergill, A. (2020). Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 92(1), 176:183.
  • Stephenson, C. (1991). The concept of hope revisited for nursing. Journal of advanced nursing, 16(12), 1456-1461.
  • Swendsen, J. D. (1998). The helplessness–hopelessness theory and daily mood experience: An idiographic and cross-situational perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1398-1408.
  • Şahin, M. (2020). Impact of weather on COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Science of The Total Environment, 728(138810), 1-6.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Sayfası, Türkiye COVID-19 Hasta Tablosu, Erişim Adresi:https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr. (17 Aralık 2020).
  • Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., ve Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(4) 317–320.
  • UNESCO, Education: From Disruption to Recovery, ErişimAdresi: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse. (11.11.2020).
  • Vaka Sayıları, (2020),Koronavirüs COVID-19 Verileri, Erişim Adresi: https://www.cnnturk.com/corona-virusu-haberleri, (20 Aralık 2020).
  • Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S., ve Suldo, S. M. (2006). An analysis of hope as a psychological strength. Journal of School Psychology, 44(5), 393-406.
  • Yamey, G., ve Walensky, R. P. (2020). Covid-19: re-opening universities is high risk. BMJ, 370 (3365), 1-2.
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M.M. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Faktör Analizi ve Geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizlerinin Kullanılması, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(Özel Sayı), 74-85.
  • Wang, C., Horby, P.W., Hayden, F.G., Gao, G.F., (2020a). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet, 395(10223), 470-473.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., McIntyre, R. S., ... ve Ho, C. (2020b). A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 40-48.
  • Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., Jiang, F., (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395(21 March), 945-947.
  • Weiss, S. R., ve Leibowitz, J. L. (2011). Coronavirus pathogenesis. In Advances in Virus Research, 81, 85-164.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Fatma Mansur 0000-0002-0336-6329

Ece Doğuç 0000-0002-9112-6404

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2021
Kabul Tarihi 4 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 9 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA Mansur, F., & Doğuç, E. (2021). Covid-19 Pandemisinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Umut Düzeyleri. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı), 26-51. https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.845716

Cited By

Hemşirelikte Gelecek Kaygısının Kariyer İyimserliği Üzerindeki Etkisi
Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1334028

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