PRECISION NUTRITION IN CERTAIN SITUATIONS THAT POSE A RISK OF MALNUTRITION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Öz
Abstract
Bacground/Aims: In order to improve national nutrition and health in the most effective way, it is important to develop nutrition recommendations and supplementation plans tailored to individual characteristics. In this context, the concept of precision nutrition has emerged in recent years, guided by the scientific theories of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics.
In this review, the precision nutrition approach is broadly addressed in the context of food insecurity, cancer, inflammation, BS, and critical illnesses, which can contribute to the development of malnutrition at both the individual and societal levels.
Methods:Google Scholar and Pubmed databases were used to create this manuscript.
Results: Considering the numerous molecular mechanisms where nutrition intersects with immunological pathways, microbiome dynamics, and human metabolism, nutritional therapy has been recognized as an integral part of developing new personalized strategies for preventing and managing chronic inflammatory diseases. The precision nutrition approach aims to maximize treatment efficacy in cancer while limiting toxicity and potential complications by implementing specific dietary regimens based on tumor profiles and patient assessments. Factors such as age, disease comorbidities, and organ dysfunction at intensive care unit admission are associated with overall prognosis in critical illness and may therefore also predict positive clinical outcomes following precision nutrition interventions. In bariatric surgery (BS), the effects of genetics, epigenetics, and the microbiome should be considered in the context of precision nutrition. The role of genetics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is widely accepted, with more than 240 common susceptibility loci currently identified, and the importance of these findings has been reflected in clinical translational applications. The Food is Medicine Approach (FMA) initiatives, which include the implementation and feasibility of programs and services related to food security, can complement precision nutrition by making personalized nutrition accessible at the individual or population level according to each person's needs.
Conclusions: Within the scope of national policies, healthy individuals' inability to access food and conditions such as bariatric surgery, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases are situations that can lead to malnutrition at the individual and societal levels, both as a result of natural processes and when medical nutrition therapy specific to the individual and the disease is not applied in these situations.
Anahtar Kelimeler
precision nutrition, malnutrition, intensive care unit, microbiom, personalized nutrition
Kaynakça
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