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Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile

Cilt: 36 Sayı: 2026 31 Temmuz 2026
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Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile

Öz

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy, imaging modalities, and complication rates associated with transthoracic needle biopsy for mediastinal lesions, using either fine-needle aspiration biopsy or core needle biopsy under imaging guidance.
Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients who underwent transthoracic needle biopsy for mediastinal masses were retrospectively analyzed. Biopsies were performed under Computed Tomography or Ultrasonography guidance, and the samples were evaluated cytologically or histologically. 
Results: The diagnostic yield of transthoracic needle biopsy was 86.3% (44/51), with 13.7% (7/51) of procedures being nondiagnostic. The most frequently used needle type was 18G (86.3%). Imaging modalities included Computed Tomography (45.1%) and Ultrasonography (54.9%). Minor complications occurred in two patients: one developed a minor pneumothorax, and another experienced pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. An 18G biopsy needle was used in these patients, and while one of them was performed under ultrasound guidance, the other was performed under Computed Tomography guidance. Pathological diagnoses included thymoma, lymphoma subtypes, metastatic malignancies, and rare benign conditions such as ectopic thyroid tissue and granulomatous inflammation.
Conclusions: Transthoracic tru-cut needle biopsy under imaging guidance is a safe and effective diagnostic approach for mediastinal lesions. Imaging features such as necrosis, contrast enhancement, and heterogeneity allow for optimal biopsy site selection, contributing to high diagnostic accuracy and low complication rates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

complication rate, diagnostic yield, image-guided biopsy, mediastinal neoplasms, Transthoracic needle biopsy

Etik Beyan

Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this study. Funding This research received no external funding. Ethical Approval This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of ----------- (Approval No: 2025-03/52). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.

Teşekkür

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the staff of the Department of Radiology for their technical assistance and patient care during the study.

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

APA
Bilgin, E., Bayrak, A., İmamoğlu, C., Yaltırık Bilgin, E., & Öztürk, B. (2026). Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 36(2026), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1804602
AMA
1.Bilgin E, Bayrak A, İmamoğlu C, Yaltırık Bilgin E, Öztürk B. Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile. Genel Tıp Derg. 2026;36(2026):1-5. doi:10.54005/geneltip.1804602
Chicago
Bilgin, Erkan, Ahmet Bayrak, Cetin İmamoğlu, Ezel Yaltırık Bilgin, ve Büşra Öztürk. 2026. “Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile”. Genel Tıp Dergisi 36 (2026): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1804602.
EndNote
Bilgin E, Bayrak A, İmamoğlu C, Yaltırık Bilgin E, Öztürk B (01 Temmuz 2026) Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile. Genel Tıp Dergisi 36 2026 1–5.
IEEE
[1]E. Bilgin, A. Bayrak, C. İmamoğlu, E. Yaltırık Bilgin, ve B. Öztürk, “Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile”, Genel Tıp Derg, c. 36, sy 2026, ss. 1–5, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.54005/geneltip.1804602.
ISNAD
Bilgin, Erkan - Bayrak, Ahmet - İmamoğlu, Cetin - Yaltırık Bilgin, Ezel - Öztürk, Büşra. “Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile”. Genel Tıp Dergisi 36/2026 (01 Temmuz 2026): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1804602.
JAMA
1.Bilgin E, Bayrak A, İmamoğlu C, Yaltırık Bilgin E, Öztürk B. Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile. Genel Tıp Derg. 2026;36:1–5.
MLA
Bilgin, Erkan, vd. “Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile”. Genel Tıp Dergisi, c. 36, sy 2026, Temmuz 2026, ss. 1-5, doi:10.54005/geneltip.1804602.
Vancouver
1.Erkan Bilgin, Ahmet Bayrak, Cetin İmamoğlu, Ezel Yaltırık Bilgin, Büşra Öztürk. Transthoracic Biopsy in the Diagnostic Approach to Mediastinal Masses: Diagnostic Performance, Imaging Guidance and Complication Profile. Genel Tıp Derg. 01 Temmuz 2026;36(2026):1-5. doi:10.54005/geneltip.1804602