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Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase

Cilt: 36 Sayı: 2026 28 Temmuz 2026
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Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase

Öz

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting 15–20% of women of reproductive age. While its metabolic and reproductive consequences are well recognized, potential effects on temporal cognition and emotional states remain underexplored. These domains, critical for daily functioning, may be disrupted in PCOS due to neuroendocrine imbalances. This study investigated subjective time perception, specific cognitive domains (attention and memory), and affective states in women with PCOS during the early follicular phase, a hormonally stable period.
Materials and Methods:  Thirty-two women with PCOS and 32 age-matched healthy controls (18–35 years) participated. Time perception was assessed using retrospective and prospective paradigms to capture internally and externally driven timing. Cognitive functions related to attention and memory were measured with the Stroop test and the Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III). Emotional states were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).
Results: Women with PCOS showed significantly prolonged retrospective time perception compared with controls (31.7±15.2 vs 20.9±8.5 sec.; p<0.05). WMS-III scores were lower in the PCOS group (7.7±1.2 vs 9.9±1.1; p<0.05). Analysis of specific affective items indicated significantly higher guilt (1.8±1.0 vs 1.4±0.7) and lower pride (1.8±0.9 vs 2.5±1.2) scores in women with PCOS compared with healthy controls (p<0.05). Regression analyses further revealed that affective variables were significant predictors of retrospective time perception within the PCOS group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: These findings indicate that PCOS is associated with impaired time perception, memory, and affect, highlighting its broader psychological and cognitive impact.

Anahtar Kelimeler

cognitive dysfunction, positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), subjective time perception, working memory

Etik Beyan

The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee (approval date: 16.12.2024; protocol number: 2024/561). All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study.

Teşekkür

A part of this study was presented as poster communication at the IUPS Congress (Frankfurt, Germany, 11-14 September, 2025) and published in abstract form in Acta Physiologica, and received a Poster Prize in its topic category.

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

APA
Şen, G. C., Erdoğan Kurtaran, N., & Öztürk, L. (2026). Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 36(2026), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1818865
AMA
1.Şen GC, Erdoğan Kurtaran N, Öztürk L. Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase. Genel Tıp Derg. 2026;36(2026):1-9. doi:10.54005/geneltip.1818865
Chicago
Şen, Gülhan Cansu, Nurcan Erdoğan Kurtaran, ve Levent Öztürk. 2026. “Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase”. Genel Tıp Dergisi 36 (2026): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1818865.
EndNote
Şen GC, Erdoğan Kurtaran N, Öztürk L (01 Temmuz 2026) Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase. Genel Tıp Dergisi 36 2026 1–9.
IEEE
[1]G. C. Şen, N. Erdoğan Kurtaran, ve L. Öztürk, “Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase”, Genel Tıp Derg, c. 36, sy 2026, ss. 1–9, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.54005/geneltip.1818865.
ISNAD
Şen, Gülhan Cansu - Erdoğan Kurtaran, Nurcan - Öztürk, Levent. “Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase”. Genel Tıp Dergisi 36/2026 (01 Temmuz 2026): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1818865.
JAMA
1.Şen GC, Erdoğan Kurtaran N, Öztürk L. Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase. Genel Tıp Derg. 2026;36:1–9.
MLA
Şen, Gülhan Cansu, vd. “Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase”. Genel Tıp Dergisi, c. 36, sy 2026, Temmuz 2026, ss. 1-9, doi:10.54005/geneltip.1818865.
Vancouver
1.Gülhan Cansu Şen, Nurcan Erdoğan Kurtaran, Levent Öztürk. Affective States and Temporal Alterations in Women with PCOS During the Early Follicular Phase. Genel Tıp Derg. 01 Temmuz 2026;36(2026):1-9. doi:10.54005/geneltip.1818865