Obez Bireylerde Leptin Düzeylerinin Lipid Profili ve Kardiyovasküler Hastalık Risk Faktörleri ile İlişkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3, 500 - 511, 30.06.2025

Elife Özkan

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1641965

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, obez bireylerde leptin hormonunun lipid profili ve kardiyovasküler hastalık risk faktörleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla sistematik bir literatür taraması olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Leptin, enerji dengesi ve metabolik süreçlerde önemli rol oynayan bir adipokindir ve obezite durumunda serum seviyeleri belirgin şekilde artar. Artan leptin düzeylerinin dislipidemiye katkıda bulunarak kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerini olumsuz etkileyebileceği hipotezi araştırılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2010 ile Ekim 2023 tarihleri arasında PubMed, Scopus ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında yayınlanmış çalışmalar taranmıştır. Dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 18 çalışma analiz edilmiştir. Leptin düzeyleri ile lipid profili parametreleri (toplam kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol, HDL-kolesterol, trigliseritler) ve kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri (inflamasyon belirteçleri, kan basıncı, insülin direnci) arasındaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Leptin düzeyleri ile toplam kolesterol (r=0.45, p<0.001) ve LDL-kolesterol (r=0.47, p<0.001) arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, leptin düzeyleri trigliseritlerle pozitif (r=0.35, p<0.01) ve HDL-kolesterol ile negatif (r=-0.30, p<0.01) yönde ilişkilidir. Leptin ile inflamasyon belirteçleri arasında da pozitif ilişkiler gözlemlenmiştir; örneğin, C-reaktif protein (CRP) ile anlamlı bir korelasyon (r=0.42, p<0.001) bulunmuştur. Artan leptin düzeyleriyle birlikte kan basıncında ve insülin direncinde artış eğilimi görülmüştür.
Sonuçlar: Obez bireylerde artan leptin düzeyleri lipid profilini olumsuz etkilemekte ve kardiyovasküler hastalık risk faktörlerini artırmaktadır. Leptin ile LDL kolesterol arasında pozitif bir ilişki gözlenmiş olsa da nedensel bir ilişki henüz kesin olarak kanıtlanmamıştır. Ayrıca leptin, inflamasyon belirteçlerini artırarak ateroskleroz gelişimini hızlandırabilir. Bu bulgular, leptinin obeziteye bağlı kardiyovasküler risklerin değerlendirilmesinde potansiyel bir biyobelirteç olabileceğini göstermektedir. Leptin hedefli tedavi yaklaşımları ve leptin direncini aşmaya yönelik stratejiler, obezite ve ilişkili kardiyometabolik bozuklukların yönetiminde önemli olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

leptin , Obezite , Lipid Profili , Kardiyovasküler Hastalık , Dislipidemi , İnflamasyon , İnsülin direnci

The Relationship of Leptin Levels with Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Obese Individuals

Öz

Aims: This study was conducted as a systematic literature review to evaluate the effects of leptin hormone on lipid profile and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in obese individuals. Leptin is an adipokine playing a key role in energy balance and metabolic processes, and its serum levels are significantly increased in obesity. The hypothesis that increased leptin levels may negatively affect cardiovascular risk factors by contributing to dyslipidemia was investigated.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published between January 2010 and October 2023. Eighteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Data were collected to assess the associations between leptin levels and lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides) and cardiovascular risk factors, such as markers of inflammation, blood pressure (BP), and insulin resistance (IR).
Results: Positive and statistically significant associations were found between leptin levels and total cholesterol (r=0.45, p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (r=0.47, p<0.001). In addition, leptin levels were positively correlated with triglyceride levels (r=0.35, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels (r=-0.30, p<0.01). Positive relationships were also found between leptin and markers of inflammation; for example, a significant correlation (r=0.42, p<0.001) was observed between leptin and C-reactive protein (CRP). There was a tendency for increased BP and IR with increasing leptin levels.
Conclusion: Increased leptin levels in obese individuals have negative effects on lipid profiles and increase CVD risk factors. A positive correlation has been observed between leptin and LDL cholesterol, but the causal relationship has not been conclusively established. Furthermore, leptin may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis by increasing markers of inflammation. These findings suggest that leptin may be a potential biomarker in the assessment of obesity-related cardiovascular risks. Leptin-targeted therapeutic approaches and strategies to overcome leptin resistance may be important in the management of obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leptin , Obesity , Lipid Profile , Cardiovascular Disease , Dislipidemia , Insülin Resistance , inflammation

Etik Beyan

Araştırma literatür taramasıdır.

Teşekkür

Akademik ingilizce çeviri desteği sağlayan Nexus tercüme teşekkür ederim.

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