APTAMER TABANLI TANIMLAMA YÖNTEMİ VE GIDA GÜVENLİĞİNDEKİ UYGULAMALARI

Öz

Aptamerler, tek sarmallı, kısa, sentetik nükleik asit dizileridir. Çeşitli hedef moleküllere karşı yüksek afinite gösteren ve spesifik olarak bağlanan aptamerler, gıdalarda bulunabilecek patojen mikroorganizmalar, biyotoksinler, alerjenler, pestisitler ve ağır metaller gibi çeşitli risk faktörlerinin hassas bir şekilde tespiti için kullanılmaktadır. Gıda güvenliği açısından risk oluşturan moleküllere spesifik olarak bağlanan aptamerlerin seçilmesi SELEX adı verilen bir süreçle gerçekleştirilir. Seçilen aptamer, hedef molekül ile özgün olarak etkileşime girer ve bu etkileşim elektrokimyasal, optik veya diğer biyosensör teknikler kullanılarak ölçülür. Gıda analizlerinde kullanılan geleneksel yöntemlere kıyasla daha hızlı sonuçlar veren, yüksek özgüllüğe ve duyarlılığa sahip aptamer tabanlı yöntemlere duyulan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Bu derlemede aptamerlerin genel özellikleri ve SELEX prensibiyle üretimleri özetlenmiş ve gıda güvenliği alanındaki uygulamalarına örnekler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aptamer
• SELEX
• biyobelirteç molekülü
• biyosensör
• kontaminasyon
• gıda güvenliği

APTAMER BASED IDENTIFICATION METHOD AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN FOOD SAFETY

Öz

Aptamers are single-stranded, short, synthetic nucleic acid sequences. Aptamers, which show high affinity and specific binding to various target molecules, are used for the sensitive detection of various risk factors such as pathogenic microorganisms, biotoxins, allergens, pesticides and heavy metals that may be present in foods. The selection of aptamers specifically binding to molecules that pose a risk in terms of food safety is carried out through a process called SELEX. The selected aptamer interacts specifically with the target molecule and this interaction is measured using electrochemical, optical, or other biosensor techniques. There is a growing interest in aptamer-based methods with high specificity and sensitivity, which provide faster results compared to conventional methods used in food analysis. This review summarized the general properties of aptamers and their production by the SELEX principle and given examples of their applications in food safety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aptamer
• SELEX
• biosensor
• biomarker molecule
• contamination
• food safety

Kaynakça

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