DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FOOD ADDITIVE CONTENTS OF SUMAC SOUR CONDIMENTS

Öz

In this study, the physicochemical, nutritional, and bioactive properties of a total of 11 commercial sumac sour samples coded from SS-1 to SS-11 were evaluated. The Brix values ranged from 61.8 to 78.6%, indicating high soluble solids and a viscous consistency. pH values varied between 1.23 and 3.05, confirming the acidic character of the products, which contributes to microbial stability. Viscosity, water activity, and electrical conductivity showed wide variability among samples, reflecting differences in raw materials and processing. Sugar profiling revealed significant variation in fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose contents, with some samples containing added sugars, while others maintained natural sugar composition. Ash content and protein levels were generally low, except for SS-11, which exhibited notably high mineral and protein values. Antioxidant analyses demonstrated that phenolic and flavonoid contents were highly variable, with SS-11 showing the strongest activity. Preservatives such as sorbic and benzoic acids were detected in some samples, while artificial sweeteners (Acesulfame-K, Aspartame, and Sucralose) were present in specific products. Overall, the study highlights considerable variability in the composition and quality of commercial sumac sour, influenced by raw material, processing, and potential additives. These findings underscore the importance of quality control to ensure both nutritional value and consumer safety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sumac sour condiment
• food
• chemical composition
• food additives

SUMAK EKŞİLERİNİN KİMYASAL BİLEŞİMİ VE GIDA KATKI MADDESİ İÇERİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kodları SS-1’den SS-11’e kadar olan toplam 11 ticari sumak ekşisi örneğinin fizikokimyasal, besinsel ve biyoaktif özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Brix değerleri %61.8 ile %78.6 arasında değişen ürünler, yüksek çözünür katı içeriği ve yoğun viskoziteye sahiptir. pH değerleri 1.23 ile 3.05 arasında değişmekte olup, bu durum ürünlerin asidik karakterini ve mikrobiyal stabiliteye katkısını göstermektedir. Viskozite, su aktivitesi ve elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri, hammaddelerde ve işlem basamaklarında görülen farklılıkları yansıtarak örnekler arasında geniş bir değişkenlik göstermiştir. Şeker profillemesi, bazı örneklerde ilave şeker bulunurken, diğerlerinde doğal şeker bileşiminin korunması nedeniyle fruktoz, glikoz, maltoz ve sükroz içeriklerinde önemli farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Kül içeriği ve protein seviyeleri, belirgin şekilde yüksek mineral ve protein değerleri gösteren SS-11 dışında, genel olarak düşüktü. Antioksidan analizleri, fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerinin oldukça değişken olduğunu, SS-11’in en güçlü aktiviteyi gösterdiğini göstermiştir. Bazı örneklerde sorbik ve benzoik asit gibi koruyucu maddeler tespit edilirken, bazı ürünlerde yapay tatlandırıcılar (Asesülfam-K, Aspartam ve Sükraloz) mevcuttu. Genel olarak çalışma, ticari sumak ekşisinin bileşiminde ve kalitesinde, hammadde, işleme ve olası katkı maddelerinden etkilenen önemli bir değişkenlik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular, hem besin değerini hem de tüketici güvenliğini sağlamak için kalite kontrolünün önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sumak ekşisi
• gıda
• kimyasal bileşim
• gıda katkı maddeleri

Kaynakça

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