YERLİ ZEYTİN ÇEŞİTLERİNDE ISLAH ÇALIŞMALARI: MEMECİK VE GEMLİK ÇEŞİDİ MELEZ BİREYLERDE TRİAÇİLGLİSEROL DÜZEYLERİ

Öz

Zeytin meyvesinin ıslahında agronomik ve teknolojik hedefler rol oynamaktadır. Zeytin ıslahında klonal seçim vekontrollü çaprazlama en önemli ıslah teknikleridir. 1990’ların başında Türkiye’nin zeytincilik konusundaki ilk, en eskive en yetkili resmi araştırma kurumu Bornova (İzmir) Zeytincilik Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde (ZAE), ulusal ve uluslararasıdüzeydeki iki çalışma ile kontrollü bir ıslah projesi başlatılmıştır. Bu çalışma 11 melez birey ve 2 ebeveyndegerçekleştirilmiş olup, melez bireyler "Memecik" (yağlık) [6 melez + 1 ebeveyn] ve "Gemlik" (sofralık + yağlık)[5 melez + 1] yerli zeytin çeşitlerinden elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Memecik ve Gemlik melez ve ebeveynlerininyağlarına ilişkin Triaçilgliserol (TAG) profilleri iki hasat yılı (2005 – 2007) süresince analiz edilmiştir. Melez veebeveynlerine ait TAG bileşenleri (ECN 42 – ECN 50, LLL and major fraksiyonlar LOO, OOO, POO, PLO ve SOO)Türk Gıda Kodeksi ve Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu (ABK) tarafından belirtilen HPLC – RID yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir.Yağ örneklerinin tamamında major TAG bileşenlerinin değişimi iki hasat yılı süresince OOO (% 22.06 – 53.89), POO(% 18.53 – 28.84), LOO (% 7.60 – 20.22), PLO (% 2.79 – 11.10) ve SOO (% 2.42 – 6.35) ve en önemli minor TAG olanLLL değeri (% 0.02 – 1.77) olarak bulunmuştur. TAG’ların eşdeğer karbon sayısı (ECN) değerleri ve bunlara bağlı bazıparametreler de hesaplanmıştır. Melez bireylerin ECN 42 (% 0.20 – 2.76), ECN 44 (% 2.32 – 13.84), ECN46 (% 11.59 – 34.00), ECN 48 (% 45.66 – 78.94), ECN 50 (% 1.29 – 6.80) ve ECN 52 (% 0.37 – 1.35) arasında değişmişolup, LLL/ECN42 ( 0.07 – 0.80) ECN48/ECN 46 (1.34 – 6.81), OOO/POO (1.06– 2.91) arasında bulunmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zeytin ıslahı, Memecik, Gemlik, Yerli Melez zeytin bireyleri, natürel zeytinyağı, triaçilgliserol,HPLC-RID

BREEDING STUDIES ON DOMESTIC OLIVE CULTIVARS: THE TRIACYLGLYCEROL LEVELS IN OLIVE HYBRIDS OBTAINED FROM MEMECIK AND GEMLIK OLIVE CULTIVARS

Öz

The agronomic and technological objectives were played role in the breeding of olive fruit. Clonal selection andcontrolled crossbreeding are the most breeding technics in olive breeding. In the beginning of 1990’s, a controlledcross breeding projects based on national and international were started on Turkish domestic olive cultivars byBornova Olive Research Institute, Izmir, the first and oldest official authority institution on olive culture of Turkey.This study was carried out with totally 11 hybrids and 2 parents, these hybrids were obtained from "Memecik"(oily) [6 sample + 1 parent] and "Gemlik" (table+oily) [5 samples + 1 parent] domestic olive cultivars. In this study,Triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles of olive (Memecik and Gemlik) hybrid and parent oils were analysed during 2005 – 2007(two) crop years. TAG composition data (ECN 42 – ECN 50, LLL and major fractions LOO, OOO, POO, PLO andSOO) in the oil of hybrid and parent samples was determined according to the HPLC – RID method described inEurepean Union Commision (EUC) and Turkish Food Codex. The major TAG’s changes of all oil samples for twocrop years were OOO (22.06 – 53.89 %), POO (% 18.53 – 28.84 %), LOO (7.60 – 20.22 %), PLO (2.79 – 11.10 %)and SOO (2.42 – 6.35 %) respectively, and LLL (trilinolein) alteration, the most important minor TAG compontent,was found 0.02 – 1.77 %. In addition, important TAG parameters in all oil samples were determined ECN 42(0.20 – 2.76 %), ECN 44 (2.32 – 13.84 %), ECN 46 11.59 – 34.00 %), ECN 48 (45.66 – 78.94 %), ECN 50 (1.29 – 6.80%), ECN 52 (0.37 – 1.35 %) and LLL/ECN42 (0.07 – 0.80) ECN48/ECN 46 (1.34 – 6.81), OOO/POO (1.06– 2.91)

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Olive breeding, Memecik, Gemlik, domestic olive hybrids, virgin olive oil, triacylglicerol, HPLC-RID

Kaynakça

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