Effects of Electrical Pre-Treatment and Heat Treatment Applications on Quality of Orange Juice (Turkish with English Abstract)

Öz

In this study; the effects of electroplasmolysis (EP) as a pre-treatment on yield and the effects of microwave (MD) and ohmic heating (OH) by a heat treatment of orange juice quality were investigated.Initially, electroplasmolysis applications were optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the second phase of the study; production of orange juice was carried out for each treatment. Trials were done in six application groups with single electrical treatment and combinations of them. Orange juices were produced as 50 ml/sec-900 Watt for microwave heating and 42 V/cm-69 ºC for ohmic heating applications. After production of orange juices; yield and oil content of peel were determined in control and EP groups. After that; pulp content, viscosity, clarifying value, browning index, color values were investigated in all groups. As a result of electroplasmolysis application, more than 8% increase in yield was determined. In addition, EP and electrical heating combinations gave better quality results comparing the conventional thermal heating in orange juice production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orange juice, electroplasmolysis, microwave heating, ohmic heating, yield, quality.

Elektriksel Ön İşlem ve Isıl İşlem Uygulamalarının Portakal Suyu Kalitesine Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada verim artışı sağlamak amacıyla ön işlem olarak uygulanan elektroplazmoliz (EP) ve ısıl işlem olarak uygulanan mikrodalga (MD) ve ohmik ısıtma (OH) tekniklerinin portakal suyu kalitesine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında portakal suyu üretimine uygun optimum elektroplazmoliz uygulama koşulu “cevap yüzey yöntemi” ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında ise portakal suyu üretimleri elektriksel işlem uygulamalarının tek tek ve bir arada kullanılmaları ile altı ayrı deneme grubu ile yürütülmüştür. MD üretimleri 50 ml/dak-900 Watt ve OH üretimleri ise 42 V/cm-69 ºC’da yapılmıştır. Üretimler sonrasında EP uygulanmamış (kontrol) ve EP uygulanmış portakal sularında verim ve kabuk yağı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Tüm uygulama gruplarında pulp oranı, viskozite, berraklaşma değeri, esmerleşme düzeyi ve renk değerlerindeki değişim incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak portakal suyu üretiminde EP uygulamasıyla %8’in üzerinde verim artışı sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca EP ve elektriksel ısıtma uygulamalarının kombinasyonları ile geleneksel pastörizasyona kıyasla kalite özellikleri daha yüksek portakal suyu üretiminin gerçekleştirilebileceği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Portakal suyu, elektroplazmoliz, mikrodalga ısıtma, ohmik ısıtma, verim, kalite.

Kaynakça

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