Gıda Kaynaklı Bir Hastalık Olarak Norovirüs Salgınlarının Önemi

Öz

Dünya genelinde akut gastroenteritlerin % 50’den daha fazlasından sorumlu tutulan NoV’ler genel olarak gıda kaynaklı salgınlara sebep olabilmektedir. Gıdaların orijini açısından değerlendirildiğinde meyve ve sebzeler, çiğ deniz ürünleri ve hazır gıdalar enfeksiyonun yayılımında önemli rol oynamaktadırlar. Özellikle insanların toplu halde yaşadığı yerler (örn., hapishane, okul, yurt, bakım evi) ve restoranlar hastalığın ortaya çıkışını ve yayılımını kolaylaştırmaktadır. NoV’lerin gıdalardaki tespiti RT-PZR’ın yanı sıra; daha kolay ve ucuz yöntemlerle belirlenmesine yönelik bazı alternatif metotlar geliştirilmiş (İMA, lateks aglütinasyon testi) ve bu konudaki çalışmalar halen güncelliğini koruyarak geliştirilmeye devam edilmektedir. Gıdalardaki NoV’lerin inhibisyonuna yönelik kimyasal metotların (klorin, ozon, sodyum bikarbonatla muamele) yanı sıra; fiziksel metotlar (ısıl işlem, dondurma ve yüksek basınç uygulamaları) uygulanmaktadır. Salgınları orta düzeyde sağlık problemlerine sebep olabilen NoV’lerin epidemiyolojik çalışmaları için hızlı tespit edilebilir metotların ve korunma yöntemlerinin belirlenmesine yönelik daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemede NoV’lerin gıdalardaki varlığı, tespit edilme yöntemleri ve gıdalarda kontrolüne yönelik uygulamalar ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Norovirüs (NoV), gıda, salgın, tespit

The Importance of Norovirus Outbreaks as a Foodborne Disease (Turkish with English Abstract)

Öz

NoV which are responsible for more than 50% of acute gastroenteritis worldwide in general may lead to foodborne outbreaks. In terms of the origin of foods; fruits and vegetables, raw seafood and ready-to-eat food play an important role in the dissemination of the infection. Particularly in semi-closed environments (e.g., prisons, schools, dormitories, nursing houses) and restaurants facilitate the emergence and spread of infection. As well as RT-PCR detection of NoVs in foods, some alternative methods (IMS and latex agglutination test) have been developed for easier and cheaper detection of them and the studies on this topic are still being developed by keeping up to date. Besides the chemical methods (chlorine, ozone, sodium bicarbonate treatment), physical methods (heating, freezing and high pressure practice) are applied for the inhibition of NoV. More studies on the rapid detection and prevention methods for the epidemiology of NoV, of which outbreaks may lead to relatively mild health problems, are required. In this review, the presence of NoVs in foods, their detection methods and the application on the control of them in foods were discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Norovirus (NoV), food, outbreak, detection

Kaynakça

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