BİBERİYENİN (Rosmarinus officinalis) KARNOSİK ASİT VE KARNOSOL İÇERİĞİNİN HASAT ZAMANI VE LOKASYONA GÖRE DEĞİŞİMİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 3, 493 - 501, 01.04.2022

Muharrem Gölükcü

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD22010

Öz

Biberiye antioksidan özellikte olan karnosik asit ve karnosol açısından önemli bir kaynaktır. Biberiyenin fenolik diterpen yapıdaki karnosik asit ve karnosol içeriği birçok parametreden etkilenebilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı bitkisel materyalin alındığı lokasyon ve hasat zamanının bu bileşenlerin miktarı üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışma kapsamında kullanılan biberiye örnekleri üç farklı lokasyondan (Adana, Mersin, Antalya) birer aylık periyotlarla alınmıştır. Örneklerin karnosik asit ve karnosol içerikleri LC-MS/MS cihazı ile analiz edilmiştir. Karnosol ve karnosik asit içeriği üzerine istatistiksel olarak lokasyon ve hasat zamanının etkisi önemli olmuştur. Karnosol açısından Antalya-Döşemealtı’ndan Şubat ayında alınan örnek en zengin içeriğe (%0.78) sahip iken, karnosik asit açısından en zengin örnek (%0.74) yine aynı lokasyondan Eylül ayında alınan olmuştur. Çalışma bulguları biberiyenin karnosol ve karnosik asit içeriğinin lokasyonun yanında hasat zamanına göre de önemli farklılıklar gösterebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rosmarinus officinalis, karnosol, karnosik asit, hasat zamanı, lokasyon

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

213Z647

Teşekkür

Bu makale TÜBİTAK tarafından 1003 kapsamında desteklenen 213Z647 nolu projenin bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmayı destekleyen TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederiz.

CARNASOL AND CARNOSIC ACID CONTENT OF ROSEMARY (Rosmarinus officinalis) WITH RESPECT TO LOCATION AND HARVESTING TIME

Öz

Rosemary is a good source for carnosol and carnosic acid. There are many parameters could affect the amount of these phenolic diterpenes. It was aimed to determine the effects of location and harvesting time on carnosol and carnosic acid contents of rosemary. Samples used within the scope of the study were taken from three different locations (Adana, Mersin, Antalya) in one month intervals during two years. The carnosic acid and carnosol contents of the samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Location and harvesting time have statistically important effect on carnosol and carnosic acid contents of the plant. The highest carnosol content (0.78%) was determined in the Antalya-Döşemealtı which was harvested at February. And, the highest carnosic acid content (0.74%) was found in the same location in September. The study findings revealed that carnosol and carnosic acid content of rosemary may differ significantly according to harvest time as well as the location.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rosmarinus officinalis, carnosol, carnosic acid, harvesting time, location

Proje Numarası

213Z647

Kaynakça

• Anwar, F., Qadir, R. (2021). Carnosic acid and carnosol. In: A Centum of Valuable Plant Bioactives, Mushtaq, M., Anwar, F. (eds.), Academic Press, UK, pp. 261-274.
• Ayoob, I., Rahman, M.U., Rehman, S.U. (2018). Essential oil composition of Rosmarinus officinalis L. from Kashmir (India). EC Microbiology, 14 (2), 29-32.
• Aziz, E., Batool, R., Akhtar, W., Shahzad, T., Malik, A., Shah, M.A., Iqbal, S., Rauf, A., Zengin, G., Bouyahya, A., Rebezov, M., Dutta, N., Khan, M.U., Khayrullin, M., Babaeva, M., Goncharov, A., Shariati, M.A., Thiruvengadam, M. (2021). Rosemary species: a review of phytochemicals, bioactivities and industrial applications. South African Journal of Botany, 2021, 1-16. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2021.09.026.
• Başkaya, Ş., Ayanoğlu, F., Bahadırlı, N. (2016). Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) bitkisinin uçucu yağ oranı, uçucu yağ bileşenleri ve antioksidan içeriğinde morfogenetik ve ontogenetik varyabilite. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 12-20.
• Borges, R.S., Ortiz, B.L.S., Pereira, A.C.M., Keita, H., Carvalho, J.S.T. (2019). Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: A review of its phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory activity, and mechanisms of action involved. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 229, 29-45. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.038.
• Caracho M., Morales, P., Ferreira, I.J.F.R. (2015). Natural food additives: Quo vadis? Trends in Food Science & Technology, 45, 284-295. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2015.06.007.
• Chun, K.S., Kundu, J., Chae, I.G., Kundu, J.K. (2014). Carnosol: A phenolic diterpene with cancer chemopreventive potential. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 19 (2), 103-110.
• Davis, P.H. (1982). Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands, Volume 7. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. UK, 948p.
• del Pilar Sánchez-Camargo, A., Herrero, M. (2017). Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) as a functional ingredient: recent scientific evidence. Current Opinion in Food Science, 14, 13-19. doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2016.12.003.
• Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., Gürbüz, F. (1987). Araştırma ve deneme metotları. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye, 381s.
• Genena, A.K., Hense, H., Smania Junior, A., Souza, S.M.D. (2008). Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)-A study of the composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide. Food Science and Technology (Campinas), 28 (2), 463-469. doi:10.1590/S0101-20612008000200030.
• Gird, C.E, Nencu, I., Popescu, M.L., Costea, T., Dutu, L.E., Balaci, T.D., Olaru, O.T. (2017). Chemical, antioxidant and toxicity evaluation of rosemary leaves and its dry extract. Farmacia, 65 (6), 979-983.
• Gonzales-Minero, F.J., Bravo-Diaz, L., Ayala-Goez, A. (2020). Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary): An ancient plant with uses in personal healthcare and cosmetics. Cosmetics, 7(4), 1-17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7040077.
• Gülbaba, A., G., Özkurt., N., Kürkçüoğlu, M., Başer, K., H., C. (2002). Mersin ve Adana yöresindeki doğal biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) popülasyonlarının tespiti ve uçucu yağ verim ve bileşenlerin belirlenmesi. Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No: 193. Tarsus, Türkiye, ISSN: 1300-7912.
• Hadi Soltanabad, M., Bagherieh-Najjar, M.B., Mianabadi, M. (2018). Seasonal variations in carnosic acid content of rosemary correlates with anthocyanins and soluble sugars. Journal for The Measurement of Physical Behaviour, 2, 163-171. doi:10.22092/JMPB.2018.118144.
• Hidalgo, P.J., Ubera, J.L., Tena, M.T., Valcarcel, M. (1998). Determination of the carnosic acid content in wild and cultivated Rosmarinus officinalis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, 2624-2627. doi:10.1021/jf970974j.
• Jasim, A.J. (2017). Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of antioxidants in fresh rosemary leaves. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 8 (4), 1015-1020.
• Katar, N., Katar, D., Temel, R., Karakurt, S., Bolatkıran, İ., Yıldız, E., Soltanbeigi, A. (2019). The effect of different harvest dates on the yield and quality properties of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) plant. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12 (3), 7-13. doi:10.5505/biodicon.2019.29292
• Kırpık, M., Özgüven, M. (2018). Farklı kökenli Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Biberiye) bitkilerinin verim ve uçucu yağları üzerinde araştırmalar. Adyutayam, 6 (2), 46-54.
• Kocak, M.Z., Karadag, M., Celikcan, F. (2021). Essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis. Journal of Agriculture, 4(1), 39-47. doi:10.46876/ja.938170.
• Lesellier, E., Lefebvre, T., Destandau, E. (2021). Recent developments for the analysis and the extraction of bioactive compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis and medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 135, 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2020.116158.
• Loussouarn, M., Krieger-Liszkay, A., Svilar, L., Bily, A., Birti, S., Havaux, M. (2017). Carnosic acid and carnosol, two major antioxidants of rosemary, act through different mechanisms. Plant Physiology, 175, 1382-1394. doi:10.1104/pp.17.01183.
• Luis, J.C., Johnson, C.B. (2005). Seasonal variations of rosmarinic and carnosic acids in rosemary extracts. Analysis of their in vitro antiradical activity. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 3 (1), 106-112. doi:10.5424/sjar/2005031-130.
• Mulinacci, N., Innocenti, M., Bellumori, M., Giaccherini, C., Martini, V., Michelozzi, M. (2011). Storage method, drying processes and extraction procedures strongly affect the phenolic fraction of rosemary leaves: An HPLC/DAD/MS study. Talanta, 85, 167-176. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.050.
• Munne-Bosch, S., Alegre, L., Schwarz, K. (2000). The formation of phenolic diterpenes in Rosmarinus officinalis L. under Mediterranean climate. European Food Research and Technology, 210, 263-267. doi:10.1007/s002179900108.
• Okamura, N., Fujimoto, Y., Kuwabara, S., Yagi, A. (1994). High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of carnosic acid and carnosol in Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis. Journal of Chromatography A, 679 (2), 381-386. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)80582-2.
• Özcan, M.M., Chalchat, J.C. (2008). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) oil from Turkey. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 59 (7-8), 691-698. doi:10.1080/09637480701777944.
• Sasikumar, B., 2004. Rosemary. In: Handbook of Herbs and Spices, Peter, K.V. (ed.), Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, UK, pp. 243-255
• Silva, E.K., Zabot, G.L., Náthia-Neves, G., Nogueira, G.C., Meireles, A.M.A. (2018). Process engineering applying supercritical technology for obtaining functional and therapeutic products. In: Advances in Biotechnology for Food Industry, Holban, A.M., Grumezescu, A.M. (eds.), Academic Press, UK, pp. 327-358.
• Troncoso, N., Sierra, H., Carvajal, L. Delpiano, P. Gunther, G. (2005). Fast high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet-visible quantification of principal phenolic antioxidants in fresh rosemary. Journal of Chromatography A, 1100, 20-25. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.008.
• Türker, A.H. (2010). Carnosic acid and carnosol contents of some rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) ecotypes of Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey”, International PSE Symposium on Terpenes - Application, Activity & Analysis, 26-29 September 2010, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Vargas, P. (2020). The mediterranean floristic region: High diversity of plants and vegetation types. In: Encyclopedia of the World’s Biomes, Goldstein, M.I., DellaSala, D.A. (eds.), Elsevier Inc., Netherland, pp. 602-616
• Yeddes, W., Chalghoum, A., Aidi-Wannes, W., Ksouri, R. Tounsi, M.S. (2019). Effect of bioclimatic area and season on phenolics and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaves. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 31 (5), 1-12. doi:10.1080/10412905.2019.1577305
• Zabot, G.L., Moraes, M.N., Rostagno, M.A., Meireles, A.A. (2014). Fast analysis of phenolic terpenes by high performance liquid chromatography using a fused core column. Analytical Methods, 6, 7457-7468. doi:10.1039/C4AY01124D.