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Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus versicolor ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce)

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3, 135 - 142, 01.06.2013

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin çeşitli coğrafik bölgelerinden toplanan 10 propolis örneğinin mikotoksin üreticisi olan, gıda kaynaklı iki küf (Aspergillus versicolor ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum) suşuna karşı antifungal aktivitelerini araştırmaktır. Propolis örneklerinin etil alkol ekstraktlarının (EEP) kimyasal kompozisyonları kütle spektorometresine birleştirilmiş gaz kromatografisi ile belirlenmiştir. EEP örneklerinin antifungal aktiviteleri %1, %5 ve %10 olacak şekilde üç farklı konsantrasyonda test edilmiştir. EEP örneklerinin antifungal aktiviteleri, incelenen küf suşunun Patates Dekstroz Agar besiyeri yüzeyindeki misel gelişiminde meydana gelen inhibisyonun yüzdesi şeklinde belirlenmiştir. EEP örneklerinin ana bileşenleri flavonoitler, aromatik alkoller, aromatik asit esterler, alifatik asit esterler, aromatik asitler, alkoller ve aromatik hidrokarbonlar olarak tespit edilmiştir. EEP örneklerinin tümü %10 konsantrasyonda her iki küf suşunun misel gelişimi üzerinde %100 inhibisyon sağlamıştır. EEP örneklerinin iki küf suşu üzerindeki antifungal etkisi %1 ve %5 konsantrasyonlarında değişkenlik göstermiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, P. aurantiogriseum suşunun misel gelişimi üzerinde inhibisyon etkisi yaratması için A. versicolor’a kıyasla daha yüksek bir EEP konsantrasyonuna gereksinim olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Küf suşları üzerinde etkin olan propolis örneklerinin flavonoit yüzdesi diğer bileşenlerin yüzdesinden oldukça daha yüksektir. Bu sonuçlar, propolis örneklerinin EEP konsantrasyonuna ve kimyasal kompozisyonuna bağlı olarak iki küf suşu üzerinde de belirgin kuvvette bir antifungal etki yarattığına işaret etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Sweeney MJ, Dobson ADW. 1998. Mycotoxin production by Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicilliumspecies. Int J Food Microbiol, 43: 141-158.
  • Fleet G. 1992. Spoilage yeasts. Crit Rev Biotechnol, 12: 1-14.
  • Fuglsang C, Johnson G, Christgau S. 1995. Antimicrobial enzymes: Applications and future potential in food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol, 6 (2): 390-399.
  • Brul E, Coote P. 1997. Novel antifungal strategies of potential use to the food industry. Food Chem Toxicol, 35 (4): 720-726.
  • Varanda E, Monti R, Tavares DC. 1999. Inhibitory effect of propolis and bee venom on the mutagenicity of some direct- and indirect-acting mutagens. J Carcinog, 19 (4): 403-419.
  • Ghisalberti EL. 1979. Propolis: A Review. Bee World, 60: 59-84.
  • Crane E. 1990. Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources. Cornstock Publishing, Ithaca, NY., USA, 614 p.
  • Sorkun K, Suer B, Salih B. 2001. Determination of chemical composition of Turkish propolis. Z Naturforsch, 56: 666-668.
  • Greenaway W, Scaybrook T, Whatley FR. 1990. The composition and plant origin of propolis. Mycologia, 72 (2): 107-118.
  • Burdock GA. 1998. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food Chem Toxicol, 36: 347-363.
  • Cafarchia C, De Laurentis N, Milillo MA, Losacco V, Puccini V. 1999. Antifungal activity of Apulia region propolis. Parassitologia, 4 (12): 5870-5880.
  • Lindenfelser LA. 1967. Antimicrobial activity of propolis. Am Bee J, 107 (3): 90-92, 130-131.
  • Grange JM, Davey RW. 1990. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). J Roy Soc Med, 83: 159-160.
  • Dobrowolski JW, Vohora SB, Sharma K, Shah SA, Naqvi SAH, Dandiya PC. 1991. Antibacterial, antifungal,antiamoebic, anti inflammatory and antipyretic studies on propolis bee products. J Ethnopharmacol, 35: 77-82.
  • Kujumgiev A, Bankova V, Ignatova A, Popov S. 1993. Antibacterial activity of propolis, some of its components and their analogs. Pharmazie, 48: 785-786.
  • Marcucci MC. 1995. Propolis: chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity. Apidologie, 26: 83–99.
  • Kujumgiev A, Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Y, Bankova V, Christov R, Popov S. 1999. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origin. J Ethnopharmacol, 64: 235-240.
  • Nivea M, Isla M, Cudmani NG, Vattuone MA, Sampietro AR.1999. Screning of antibacterial activity of Amaicha del Valle (Tucuman, Argentina) propolis. J. Ethnopharmacol, 68: 97-102.
  • Hegazi AG, Abd El Hady FK, Abd Allah FA. 2000. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of European propolis. Z Naturforsch C, 55: 70-75.
  • Sforcin JM, Fernandes Jr. A, Lopes CAM, Bankova V, Funari SRC. 2000. Seasonal effect on Brazilian propolis antibacterial activity. J Ethnopharmacol, 73: 243-249.
  • Velikova M, Bankova V, Sorkun K, Houcine S, Tsvetkova I, Kujumgiev A. 2000. Propolis from Mediterranean region: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Z Naturforsch C, 55: 790-793.
  • Keskin N, Hazır S., Baser KH, Kürkçüo¤lu M. 2001. Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of Turkish propolis. Z Naturforsch C, 56: 1112- 1115.
  • Ota C, Unterkircher C, Fantinato V, Shimizu MT. 2001. Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses, 44: 375-378.
  • Abd El Hady, FK, Hegazi AG. 2002. Egyptian propolis: 2. Chemical composition, antiviral and antimicrobial activities of East Nile Delta propolis. Z Naturforsch C, 57: 386-394.
  • Kartal M, Yıldız S, Kaya S, Kurucu S, Topçu G. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of propolis samples from two different regions of Anatolia. J Ethnopharmacol, 86: 69-73.
  • Erdem GB, Ölmez S. 2004. Inhibitory effect of Bursa Propolis on dental caries formation in rats inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus. Turk J Zool, 28: 29-36.
  • Cihangir N, Sorkun K, Salih B. 2005. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of propolis collected from different regions of Turkey. Hacet J Biol Chem, 34: 59-67.
  • Silici S, Koç NA, Ayangil D, Çankaya S. 2005. Antifungal activities of propolis collected by different races of honeybees against yeasts isolated from patients with superficial mycoses. J Pharmacol Sci, 99: 39-44.
  • Uzel A, Sorkun K, Önça¤ Ö, Ço¤ullu D, Gençay Ö, Salih B. 2005. Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of four different Anatolian propolis samples. Microbiol Res, 160: 189-195.
  • Temiz A, fiener A, Tüylü AÖ, Sorkun K, Salih B. 2011. Antibacterial activity of bee propolis samples from different geographical regions of Turkey against two foodborne pathogens, SalmonellaEnteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes. Turk J Biol, 35 (4): 503-511.
  • La Torre A, Imbroglini G, Guccione M. 1990. Action of propolis based preparations against Botrytis cinerea
  • Observation Agric, 6: 169-177.
  • Özcan M, Ünver A, Ceylan DA, Yetiflir R. 2004. Inhibitory effect of pollen and propolis extracts. Nahrung, 48 (3): 188– 194.
  • Soylu EM, Özdemir AE, Ertürk E, fiahinler N. 2004. Antifungal activity of propolis against Penicillium digitatum, causal agent of green mold of citrus fruits. Proceedings of the First European Conference of Apidology ‘EurBee’, Udine, Italy; pp. 160.
  • Soylu EM, Özdemir AE, Ertürk E, fiahinler N, Soylu S. 2008. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of propolis against Penicillium digitatum. Asian J Chem, 20: 4823-4830.
  • Çandır EE, Özdemir AE, Soylu EM, fiahinler N, Gül A. 2009. Effects of propolis on storage of sweet cherry cv. Aksehir Napolyon. Asian J Chem, 21: 2659-2666.
  • Özdemir AE, Çandır EE, Kaplankıran M, Soylu EM, fiahinler N, Gül, A. 2010. The effects of ethanol- dissolved propolis on the storage of grapefruit cv. Star Ruby. Turk J Agric For, 34: 155-162.
  • Aly SA, Elewa NA. 2007. The effect of Egyptian honeybee propolis on the growth of Aspergillus versicolor and sterigmatocystin biosynthesis in Ras cheese. J Dairy Res, 74: 74-78.
  • Engelhart S, Loock A, Skutlarek D, Sagunski H, Lommel A, Färber H, Exneri M. 2002. Occurrence of toxigenic Aspergillus versicolor isolates and sterigmatocystin in carpet dust from damp indoor environments. Appl Environ Microb, 68 (8): 3886-3890.
  • Northolt MD, Soentoro PSS. 1988. Fungal Growth on Foodstuffs Related to Mycotoxin Contamination. In: Introduction to Food Borne Fungi,Samson RA, van Reenen-Hoekstra ES (ed), Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, The Netherland; pp. 231-238.
  • Sato J, Goto K, Nanjo F, Kawai S, Murata K. 2000. Antifungal activity of plant extracts against Arthrinium sacchari and Chaetomium funicola. J Biosci Bioeng, 90 (4): 442-446.
  • Quiroga EN, Sampietro AR, Vattuone MA. 2001. Screening antifungal activities of selected medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol, 74, 89-96.
  • Çakir A, Kordali S, Kılıç H, Kaya E. 2005. Antifungal properties of essential oil and crude extracts of Hypericum linarioides Bosse. Biochem Syst Ecol, 33: 245-256.
  • Özcan M. 1999. Antifungal properties of propolis. Grasas Aceites, 50: 395-398.
  • Hemández NMR, Bemal KC. 1990. Efecto antibiótico del propóleo frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus origen clinico humano. Rev Cubana Farm, 24: 45-50.

Antifungal Activity of Propolis Samples Collected from Different Geographical Regions of Turkey against Two Food-Related Molds, Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium aurantiogriseum (in English)

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3, 135 - 142, 01.06.2013

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate antifungal activities of 10 propolis samples collected from various geographical regions of Turkey against 2 important food-related mycotoxin producer molds, Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium aurantiogriseum. Chemical compositions of ethyl alcohol extracts of the propolis (EEP) samples were determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antifungal activities of EEP samples were tested at 3 different concentrations of 1%, 5% and 10% (v/v) by determination percentage of mycelial growth inhibition of the mold strains on Potato Dextrose Agar. Main organic components of EEP samples were flavonoids, aromatic alcohols, aromatic acid esters, aliphatic acid esters, aromatic acids, alcohols and aromatic hydrocarbons. All EEP samples at 10% concentration showed 100% inhibition on mycelial growth of both mold strains. Antifungal activities of EEP samples against the mold strains were variable at 1% and 5% concentrations. The results indicated that a higher EEP concentration was necessary for the inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of P. auantiogriseum comparing with A. versicolor. Percentage of flavonoids in the effective propolis samples was considerably higher than the others. These results indicated that propolis samples had a marked antifungal action against both mold strains depending on EEP concentration and chemical composition.

Kaynakça

  • Sweeney MJ, Dobson ADW. 1998. Mycotoxin production by Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicilliumspecies. Int J Food Microbiol, 43: 141-158.
  • Fleet G. 1992. Spoilage yeasts. Crit Rev Biotechnol, 12: 1-14.
  • Fuglsang C, Johnson G, Christgau S. 1995. Antimicrobial enzymes: Applications and future potential in food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol, 6 (2): 390-399.
  • Brul E, Coote P. 1997. Novel antifungal strategies of potential use to the food industry. Food Chem Toxicol, 35 (4): 720-726.
  • Varanda E, Monti R, Tavares DC. 1999. Inhibitory effect of propolis and bee venom on the mutagenicity of some direct- and indirect-acting mutagens. J Carcinog, 19 (4): 403-419.
  • Ghisalberti EL. 1979. Propolis: A Review. Bee World, 60: 59-84.
  • Crane E. 1990. Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources. Cornstock Publishing, Ithaca, NY., USA, 614 p.
  • Sorkun K, Suer B, Salih B. 2001. Determination of chemical composition of Turkish propolis. Z Naturforsch, 56: 666-668.
  • Greenaway W, Scaybrook T, Whatley FR. 1990. The composition and plant origin of propolis. Mycologia, 72 (2): 107-118.
  • Burdock GA. 1998. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food Chem Toxicol, 36: 347-363.
  • Cafarchia C, De Laurentis N, Milillo MA, Losacco V, Puccini V. 1999. Antifungal activity of Apulia region propolis. Parassitologia, 4 (12): 5870-5880.
  • Lindenfelser LA. 1967. Antimicrobial activity of propolis. Am Bee J, 107 (3): 90-92, 130-131.
  • Grange JM, Davey RW. 1990. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). J Roy Soc Med, 83: 159-160.
  • Dobrowolski JW, Vohora SB, Sharma K, Shah SA, Naqvi SAH, Dandiya PC. 1991. Antibacterial, antifungal,antiamoebic, anti inflammatory and antipyretic studies on propolis bee products. J Ethnopharmacol, 35: 77-82.
  • Kujumgiev A, Bankova V, Ignatova A, Popov S. 1993. Antibacterial activity of propolis, some of its components and their analogs. Pharmazie, 48: 785-786.
  • Marcucci MC. 1995. Propolis: chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity. Apidologie, 26: 83–99.
  • Kujumgiev A, Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Y, Bankova V, Christov R, Popov S. 1999. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origin. J Ethnopharmacol, 64: 235-240.
  • Nivea M, Isla M, Cudmani NG, Vattuone MA, Sampietro AR.1999. Screning of antibacterial activity of Amaicha del Valle (Tucuman, Argentina) propolis. J. Ethnopharmacol, 68: 97-102.
  • Hegazi AG, Abd El Hady FK, Abd Allah FA. 2000. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of European propolis. Z Naturforsch C, 55: 70-75.
  • Sforcin JM, Fernandes Jr. A, Lopes CAM, Bankova V, Funari SRC. 2000. Seasonal effect on Brazilian propolis antibacterial activity. J Ethnopharmacol, 73: 243-249.
  • Velikova M, Bankova V, Sorkun K, Houcine S, Tsvetkova I, Kujumgiev A. 2000. Propolis from Mediterranean region: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Z Naturforsch C, 55: 790-793.
  • Keskin N, Hazır S., Baser KH, Kürkçüo¤lu M. 2001. Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of Turkish propolis. Z Naturforsch C, 56: 1112- 1115.
  • Ota C, Unterkircher C, Fantinato V, Shimizu MT. 2001. Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses, 44: 375-378.
  • Abd El Hady, FK, Hegazi AG. 2002. Egyptian propolis: 2. Chemical composition, antiviral and antimicrobial activities of East Nile Delta propolis. Z Naturforsch C, 57: 386-394.
  • Kartal M, Yıldız S, Kaya S, Kurucu S, Topçu G. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of propolis samples from two different regions of Anatolia. J Ethnopharmacol, 86: 69-73.
  • Erdem GB, Ölmez S. 2004. Inhibitory effect of Bursa Propolis on dental caries formation in rats inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus. Turk J Zool, 28: 29-36.
  • Cihangir N, Sorkun K, Salih B. 2005. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of propolis collected from different regions of Turkey. Hacet J Biol Chem, 34: 59-67.
  • Silici S, Koç NA, Ayangil D, Çankaya S. 2005. Antifungal activities of propolis collected by different races of honeybees against yeasts isolated from patients with superficial mycoses. J Pharmacol Sci, 99: 39-44.
  • Uzel A, Sorkun K, Önça¤ Ö, Ço¤ullu D, Gençay Ö, Salih B. 2005. Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of four different Anatolian propolis samples. Microbiol Res, 160: 189-195.
  • Temiz A, fiener A, Tüylü AÖ, Sorkun K, Salih B. 2011. Antibacterial activity of bee propolis samples from different geographical regions of Turkey against two foodborne pathogens, SalmonellaEnteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes. Turk J Biol, 35 (4): 503-511.
  • La Torre A, Imbroglini G, Guccione M. 1990. Action of propolis based preparations against Botrytis cinerea
  • Observation Agric, 6: 169-177.
  • Özcan M, Ünver A, Ceylan DA, Yetiflir R. 2004. Inhibitory effect of pollen and propolis extracts. Nahrung, 48 (3): 188– 194.
  • Soylu EM, Özdemir AE, Ertürk E, fiahinler N. 2004. Antifungal activity of propolis against Penicillium digitatum, causal agent of green mold of citrus fruits. Proceedings of the First European Conference of Apidology ‘EurBee’, Udine, Italy; pp. 160.
  • Soylu EM, Özdemir AE, Ertürk E, fiahinler N, Soylu S. 2008. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of propolis against Penicillium digitatum. Asian J Chem, 20: 4823-4830.
  • Çandır EE, Özdemir AE, Soylu EM, fiahinler N, Gül A. 2009. Effects of propolis on storage of sweet cherry cv. Aksehir Napolyon. Asian J Chem, 21: 2659-2666.
  • Özdemir AE, Çandır EE, Kaplankıran M, Soylu EM, fiahinler N, Gül, A. 2010. The effects of ethanol- dissolved propolis on the storage of grapefruit cv. Star Ruby. Turk J Agric For, 34: 155-162.
  • Aly SA, Elewa NA. 2007. The effect of Egyptian honeybee propolis on the growth of Aspergillus versicolor and sterigmatocystin biosynthesis in Ras cheese. J Dairy Res, 74: 74-78.
  • Engelhart S, Loock A, Skutlarek D, Sagunski H, Lommel A, Färber H, Exneri M. 2002. Occurrence of toxigenic Aspergillus versicolor isolates and sterigmatocystin in carpet dust from damp indoor environments. Appl Environ Microb, 68 (8): 3886-3890.
  • Northolt MD, Soentoro PSS. 1988. Fungal Growth on Foodstuffs Related to Mycotoxin Contamination. In: Introduction to Food Borne Fungi,Samson RA, van Reenen-Hoekstra ES (ed), Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, The Netherland; pp. 231-238.
  • Sato J, Goto K, Nanjo F, Kawai S, Murata K. 2000. Antifungal activity of plant extracts against Arthrinium sacchari and Chaetomium funicola. J Biosci Bioeng, 90 (4): 442-446.
  • Quiroga EN, Sampietro AR, Vattuone MA. 2001. Screening antifungal activities of selected medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol, 74, 89-96.
  • Çakir A, Kordali S, Kılıç H, Kaya E. 2005. Antifungal properties of essential oil and crude extracts of Hypericum linarioides Bosse. Biochem Syst Ecol, 33: 245-256.
  • Özcan M. 1999. Antifungal properties of propolis. Grasas Aceites, 50: 395-398.
  • Hemández NMR, Bemal KC. 1990. Efecto antibiótico del propóleo frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus origen clinico humano. Rev Cubana Farm, 24: 45-50.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayhan Temiz Bu kişi benim

Ayla Şener Mumcu Bu kişi benim

Aslı Özkök Tüylü Bu kişi benim

Kadriye Sorkun Bu kişi benim

Bekir Salih Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Temiz, A. ., Mumcu, A. Ş. ., Tüylü, A. Ö. ., Sorkun, K. ., vd. (2013). Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus versicolor ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce). Gıda, 38(3), 135-142.
AMA Temiz A, Mumcu AŞ, Tüylü AÖ, Sorkun K, Salih B. Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus versicolor ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce). GIDA. Haziran 2013;38(3):135-142.
Chicago Temiz, Ayhan, Ayla Şener Mumcu, Aslı Özkök Tüylü, Kadriye Sorkun, ve Bekir Salih. “Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus Versicolor Ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce)”. Gıda 38, sy. 3 (Haziran 2013): 135-42.
EndNote Temiz A, Mumcu AŞ, Tüylü AÖ, Sorkun K, Salih B (01 Haziran 2013) Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus versicolor ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce). Gıda 38 3 135–142.
IEEE A. . Temiz, A. Ş. . Mumcu, A. Ö. . Tüylü, K. . Sorkun, ve B. . Salih, “Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus versicolor ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce)”, GIDA, c. 38, sy. 3, ss. 135–142, 2013.
ISNAD Temiz, Ayhan vd. “Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus Versicolor Ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce)”. Gıda 38/3 (Haziran 2013), 135-142.
JAMA Temiz A, Mumcu AŞ, Tüylü AÖ, Sorkun K, Salih B. Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus versicolor ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce). GIDA. 2013;38:135–142.
MLA Temiz, Ayhan vd. “Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus Versicolor Ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce)”. Gıda, c. 38, sy. 3, 2013, ss. 135-42.
Vancouver Temiz A, Mumcu AŞ, Tüylü AÖ, Sorkun K, Salih B. Türkiye’nin Farklı Coğrafik Bölgelerinden Toplanan Propolis Örneklerinin Aspergillus versicolor ve Penicillium aurantiogriseum’e Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri (İngilizce). GIDA. 2013;38(3):135-42.

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