BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

RUMİNANT RASYONLARINDA YAĞ KULLANIMI

Yıl 2004, Sayı: 5, - , 19.08.2014

Öz

Ülkemizde ruminant rasyonlarının enerji yoğunluğunu artırmak için kullanılan ve ekonomik bir enerji kaynağı olan yağların kullanımı yaygınlaşmaktadır. Uygun miktarda ve korunmuş formda kullanıldığı takdirde besin maddeleri sindirimini olumsuz etkilemeyen yağlar ruminantlarda reprodüksiyon dahil performansı artırmaktadır. Yağların negatif etkilerinin azaltılması için fiziksel ve kimyasal olarak muameleye tabi tutulurlar (korunurlar).

Kaynakça

  • ASHES, J. R„ S. K. GULATI, L. J. COOK, T. W. SCOTT, AND J. B. DONNELLY 1979. Assessing
  • the biological effectiveness of protected lipid supplements for ruminants. J. Amer. Oil Chem.
  • Soc. 56:522-527.
  • BATEMAN, H. J. II AND T. J. JENKİNS 1998. İnfluence of soybean oil in high fiber diets fed to
  • nonlactating cows on ruminal unsaturated fatty acids and nutrient digestibility. J. Dairy Sci.
  • :2451-2458.
  • BAUMAN, D. E. 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid: a potential anticarcinogen found in milk fat. VVinter
  • Dairy Management School. Anim. Sci. Mimeograph Series, No. 201 Pp. 6-12.
  • BOCK, B. J., D. L. HARMON, R. T. BRANDT, JR, AND J. E. SCHNEIDER 1991. Fat source and
  • calcium level effects on finishing steer performance, digestion, and metabolism. J. Anim. Sci.
  • :2211-2224.
  • COPPOCK, C. E., AND D. L. VVILKS 1991. Supplemental fat in high-producing rations for lactating
  • cows: effects of intake, digestion, milk yield, and composition. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3826-3837.
  • ELLIOTT, J. P., J. K„ DRACKLEY, C. G. ALDRICH, AND N. R. MERCHEN 1997. Effects of saturation
  • and esterification of fat sources on site and extent of digestion in steers: Ruminal fermentation
  • and digestion of organic matter, fiber, and nitrogen. J. Anim Sci. 75:2803-2812.
  • FERGUSON J. D., S. SHOTZBERGER, W. CHALUPA, D. SKLAN, AND D. S. KRONFELD 1997.
  • Reproductive responses in lactating cows fed diets supplemented with long chain fatty acids.
  • J. Dairy Sci. 70:207(Suppl 1) (Abstr).
  • FIRKINS, J. L. AND M. L. EASTRIDGE 1994. Assessment of the effects if iodine value on fatty acid
  • d ig e s tib ility , feed intake, and milk p rod uction . J. Dairy Sci. 77:2357-2366.
  • FLUHARTY, F. L. AND S. C. LOERCH 1997. Effects of concentration and source of supplemental
  • fat and protein on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 75:2308-2316.
  • GARCIA M. R., AMSTALDEN M., MORRISON C. D., KEISLER D. H„ AND VVILLIAMS G. L. 2003.
  • Age at puberty, total fat and conjugated linoleic acid content of carcass, and circulating
  • metabolic hormones in beef heifers fed a diet high in linoleic acid beginning at four months
  • of age. J. Anim. Sci. 81:261-268.
  • GRUMMER, R. R. 1996. Feeding fat: Strategies for successful supplementation. Large Animal
  • (2004) GIDA ve YEM BİLİMİ-TEKMOLOJİ5İ Sayı: 5
  • Veterinarian. (July/August):10-16.
  • GRUMMER, R. R. AND D. J. CARROLL 1991. Effects of dietary fat on metabolic disorders and
  • reproductive performance of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 69:3838-3852.
  • HARFOOT, C. G. 1981. Lipid metabolism in the rurnen. İn: W. W. Chrisie (Ed.) Lipid Metabolism in
  • Ruminant Animals. pp. 21-55. Pergamon Press, New York.
  • HARFOOT, C. G., AND G. P. HAZLEVVOOD 1988. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. İn: P. N.
  • Hobson (Ed.) The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. pp. 285-322. Elsevier Applied Science,
  • New York.
  • HARRISON, J. H., R. L. KINCAID, J. P. MCNAMARA, S. VVALTNER, K. A. LONEY, R. E. RILEY,
  • AND J. D. CRONRATH 1995. Effect of whole cottonseeds and calcium salts of long-chain fatty
  • acids on performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78:181-193.
  • HUSSEIN, H. S., N. R. MERCHEN, AND G. C. FAHEY, JR. 1995a. Effects of forage level and
  • canola seed supplementation on site and extent of digestion of organic matter, carbohydrates,
  • and energy by steers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2458-2468.
  • HUSSEIN, H. S., N. R. MERCHEN, AND G. C. FAHEY, JR. 1995b. Composition of ruminal
  • bacteria harvested from steers as influenced by dietary forage level and fat supplementation.
  • J. Anim. Sci. 73:2469:2473.
  • IKVVUEGBU, O. A. AND J. D. SUTTON 1982. The effect of varying the amount of linseed oil
  • supplementation on rumen metabolism in sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 48:365-375.
  • JENKINS, T. C. 1993. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 76:3851-3863.
  • JENKINS, T. C., AND N. FOTOUHI 1990. Effects of lecithin and corn oil on site of digestion,
  • ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 68:460-466.
  • JOHNSON, J. C „ JR., P. R. UTLEY, B. G. MULLINIX, JR., AND A. MERRIL 1988. Effects of
  • adding fat and lasolosid to diets of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2151-2165.
  • KHORASANİ, G. R. AND J. J. KENNELLY 1998. Effect of added dietary fat on performance,
  • rumen characteristics, and plasma metabolites of midlactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.
  • :2459- 2468.
  • KOVVALCZYK, J., E. R. ORSKOV, J. J. ROBINSON, AND C. S. STEVVARD 1977. Effect of fat
  • supplementation on voluntary food intake and rumen metabolism in sheep. Br. J. Nutr.
  • :251-257.
  • KÜÇÜK, O. 2000. Duodenal flow of nutrients and fatty acids in sheep supplemented with soybean
  • oil. PhD dissertation. University of VVyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.
  • KÜÇÜK, O., B. W. HESS, P. A., LUDDEN, D. C. RULE 2001. Effect of forage:concentrate ratio on
  • ruminal digestion and duodenal flow of fatty acids in ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2233-2240.
  • LAMMOGLİA, M. A., S. T. WILLARD, J. R. OLDHAM, AND R. D. RANDEL 1996. Effects of dietary
  • fat and season on steroid hormonal profiles before parturition and on hormonal,
  • cholesterol, triglycerides, follicular patterns, and postpartum reproduction in Brahman
  • cows. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2253-2262.
  • LAMMOGLİA, M. A., R. A. BELLOVVS, E. E. GRINGS, AND J. W. BERGMAN 1999. Effects of
  • prepartum supplementary fat and muscle hypertrophy genotype on cold tolerance in
  • nevvborn calves. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2227-2233.
  • LARICK, D.K., B. E. TURNER, W. D. SCHOENHERR, M. T. COFFEY, AND D. H. PILKINGTON
  • Volatile compound content and fatty acid composition of pork as influenced by
  • linoleic acid content of diet. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1397-1403.
  • LUCY, M. C„ C. R. STAPLES, F. M. MICHEL. W. W. THATCHER, AND D. J. BOLT 1991. Effect of
  • feeding calcium soaps to early postpartum dairy cows on plasma prostaglandin F2,
  • luteinizing hormone, and follicular grovvth. J. Dairy Sci. 74:483-495.
  • NESTEL, P. J., A. POYSER, R. L. HOOD, S. C. MILLS, M. R. VVILLIS, L. J. COOK, AND T. W.
  • SCOTT 1978. The effect of dietary fat supplements on cholesterol metabolism in ruminants. J.
  • Lipid. Res. 19:899-909.Pantoja, J., J. L. Firkins, M. L. Eastridge, and B. L. Hull. 1994.
  • Effects of fat saturation and source of fiber on site of nutrient digestion and milk production
  • by lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:2341-2356.
  • (2004) GIDA ve YEM BİLİMİ-TEKNOLOJİ5İ Sayı: 5
  • PANTOJA, J., J. L. FIRKINS, AND M. L. EASTRIDGE 1996. Fatty acid digestion in lactating dairy
  • cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation and fiber sources. J. Dairy Sci. 79:575-584.
  • PARK, C. S., W. RAFALOVVSKI, AND G. D. MARX 1983. Effect of dietary fat supplement on lipid
  • metabolism of Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 66:528-534.
  • PLACENCIA, A., M. ESTRADA, AND R. E. ZİNN 1999. Influence of free fatty acid content on feeding
  • value of yellow grease in finishing diets for feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2603-2609.
  • PRESTON, R. L., S. J. BARTLE, AND D. C. RULE 1989. Effect of whole cottonseeds in cattle finishing
  • diets on grovvth, efficiency, and body fat composition. Asian-Austroasian J. Anim. Sci. 2:505-
  • -
  • RODRIGUEZ, L. A., C. C. STALLINGS, J. H. HERBEIN, AND M. L. MCGILLIARD 1997. Effect of
  • degradability of dietary protein and fat on ruminal, blood, and milk components of Jersey and
  • Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:353-363.
  • SCHAUFF, D. J „ J. P. ELLİOTT, J. H. CLARK, AND J. K. DRACKLEY 1992. Effects of feeding
  • lactation dairy cows diets containing vvhole soybeans and tallovv. J. Dairy Sci. 75:1923-1935.
  • SCOTT, T. W., L. J. COOK, AND S. C. MILLS 1971. Protection of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • against microbial hydrogenation in ruminants. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 48:358-364.
  • SKLAN, D., U. MOALLEM, AND Y. FOLMAN 1991. Effect of feeding calcium soaps of fatty acids on
  • productive responses in high producing lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:510-517.
  • STEELE, W. 1983. Lipid supplementation of dairy cow diets. J. Dairy Sci. 67:1716-1724.
  • STRYER, L. 1995. Biochemistry (4th Ed.). W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
  • SUTTON, J. D. 1989. Altering milk composition by feeding. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2801-2815.
  • THOMAS, M. G., B. BAO, AND G. L. VVILLIAMS 1997. Dietary fats varying their fatty acid composition
  • differentially influence follicular grovvth in covvs fed isoenergetic diets. J. Anim. Sci. 1997.
  • :2512-2519.
  • VAN NEVEL, C. J. AND D. I. DEMEYER 1996. Effect of pH on biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated
  • fatty acids and their Ca-salts by microorganisms in vitro. Archives Anim. Nutr. 49:151-158.
  • VVACHIRA A. M., SINCLAIR L. A., VVILKINSON R. G., ENSER M., WOOD J. D., AND FISHER A.
  • V. 2002. Effects of dietary fat source and breed on the carcass composition, n-3 polyunsaturated
  • fatty acid and coniugated linoleic acid content of sheep meat and adipose tissue. Br. J. Nutr.
  • :697-709.
  • VVHITNEY, M. B„ B. W. HESS, L. A. BURGWALD-BALSTAD, J. L. SAYER, C. M. TSOPITO, C. T.
  • TALBOTT, AND D. M. HALLFORD 2000. Effects of supplemental soybean oil level on in vitro
  • digestion and performance of prepubertal beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 78:504-514.
  • ZİNN, R. A. 1988. Comparative feeding value of supplemental fat in finishing diets for feedlot steers
  • supplemented vvith and vvithout monensin. J. Anim. Sci. 66:213-227.
  • ZİNN, R. A. 1989. İnfluence of level and source of dietary fat on its comparative feeding value in
  • finishing diets for steers: feedlot cattle grovvth and performance. J. Anim. Sci. 67:1029-1030.
  • ZİNN, R. A. 1992. Comparative feeding value of supplemental fat in steam-flaked corn- and steamflaked
  • vvheat-based finishing diets for feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 70:2956-2969.
  • ZİNN, R. A. and Y. Shen. 1996. Interaction of dietary calcium and supplemental fat on digestive
  • unction and grovvth performance in feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2303-2309
Yıl 2004, Sayı: 5, - , 19.08.2014

Öz

Kaynakça

  • ASHES, J. R„ S. K. GULATI, L. J. COOK, T. W. SCOTT, AND J. B. DONNELLY 1979. Assessing
  • the biological effectiveness of protected lipid supplements for ruminants. J. Amer. Oil Chem.
  • Soc. 56:522-527.
  • BATEMAN, H. J. II AND T. J. JENKİNS 1998. İnfluence of soybean oil in high fiber diets fed to
  • nonlactating cows on ruminal unsaturated fatty acids and nutrient digestibility. J. Dairy Sci.
  • :2451-2458.
  • BAUMAN, D. E. 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid: a potential anticarcinogen found in milk fat. VVinter
  • Dairy Management School. Anim. Sci. Mimeograph Series, No. 201 Pp. 6-12.
  • BOCK, B. J., D. L. HARMON, R. T. BRANDT, JR, AND J. E. SCHNEIDER 1991. Fat source and
  • calcium level effects on finishing steer performance, digestion, and metabolism. J. Anim. Sci.
  • :2211-2224.
  • COPPOCK, C. E., AND D. L. VVILKS 1991. Supplemental fat in high-producing rations for lactating
  • cows: effects of intake, digestion, milk yield, and composition. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3826-3837.
  • ELLIOTT, J. P., J. K„ DRACKLEY, C. G. ALDRICH, AND N. R. MERCHEN 1997. Effects of saturation
  • and esterification of fat sources on site and extent of digestion in steers: Ruminal fermentation
  • and digestion of organic matter, fiber, and nitrogen. J. Anim Sci. 75:2803-2812.
  • FERGUSON J. D., S. SHOTZBERGER, W. CHALUPA, D. SKLAN, AND D. S. KRONFELD 1997.
  • Reproductive responses in lactating cows fed diets supplemented with long chain fatty acids.
  • J. Dairy Sci. 70:207(Suppl 1) (Abstr).
  • FIRKINS, J. L. AND M. L. EASTRIDGE 1994. Assessment of the effects if iodine value on fatty acid
  • d ig e s tib ility , feed intake, and milk p rod uction . J. Dairy Sci. 77:2357-2366.
  • FLUHARTY, F. L. AND S. C. LOERCH 1997. Effects of concentration and source of supplemental
  • fat and protein on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 75:2308-2316.
  • GARCIA M. R., AMSTALDEN M., MORRISON C. D., KEISLER D. H„ AND VVILLIAMS G. L. 2003.
  • Age at puberty, total fat and conjugated linoleic acid content of carcass, and circulating
  • metabolic hormones in beef heifers fed a diet high in linoleic acid beginning at four months
  • of age. J. Anim. Sci. 81:261-268.
  • GRUMMER, R. R. 1996. Feeding fat: Strategies for successful supplementation. Large Animal
  • (2004) GIDA ve YEM BİLİMİ-TEKMOLOJİ5İ Sayı: 5
  • Veterinarian. (July/August):10-16.
  • GRUMMER, R. R. AND D. J. CARROLL 1991. Effects of dietary fat on metabolic disorders and
  • reproductive performance of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 69:3838-3852.
  • HARFOOT, C. G. 1981. Lipid metabolism in the rurnen. İn: W. W. Chrisie (Ed.) Lipid Metabolism in
  • Ruminant Animals. pp. 21-55. Pergamon Press, New York.
  • HARFOOT, C. G., AND G. P. HAZLEVVOOD 1988. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. İn: P. N.
  • Hobson (Ed.) The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. pp. 285-322. Elsevier Applied Science,
  • New York.
  • HARRISON, J. H., R. L. KINCAID, J. P. MCNAMARA, S. VVALTNER, K. A. LONEY, R. E. RILEY,
  • AND J. D. CRONRATH 1995. Effect of whole cottonseeds and calcium salts of long-chain fatty
  • acids on performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78:181-193.
  • HUSSEIN, H. S., N. R. MERCHEN, AND G. C. FAHEY, JR. 1995a. Effects of forage level and
  • canola seed supplementation on site and extent of digestion of organic matter, carbohydrates,
  • and energy by steers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2458-2468.
  • HUSSEIN, H. S., N. R. MERCHEN, AND G. C. FAHEY, JR. 1995b. Composition of ruminal
  • bacteria harvested from steers as influenced by dietary forage level and fat supplementation.
  • J. Anim. Sci. 73:2469:2473.
  • IKVVUEGBU, O. A. AND J. D. SUTTON 1982. The effect of varying the amount of linseed oil
  • supplementation on rumen metabolism in sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 48:365-375.
  • JENKINS, T. C. 1993. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 76:3851-3863.
  • JENKINS, T. C., AND N. FOTOUHI 1990. Effects of lecithin and corn oil on site of digestion,
  • ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 68:460-466.
  • JOHNSON, J. C „ JR., P. R. UTLEY, B. G. MULLINIX, JR., AND A. MERRIL 1988. Effects of
  • adding fat and lasolosid to diets of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2151-2165.
  • KHORASANİ, G. R. AND J. J. KENNELLY 1998. Effect of added dietary fat on performance,
  • rumen characteristics, and plasma metabolites of midlactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.
  • :2459- 2468.
  • KOVVALCZYK, J., E. R. ORSKOV, J. J. ROBINSON, AND C. S. STEVVARD 1977. Effect of fat
  • supplementation on voluntary food intake and rumen metabolism in sheep. Br. J. Nutr.
  • :251-257.
  • KÜÇÜK, O. 2000. Duodenal flow of nutrients and fatty acids in sheep supplemented with soybean
  • oil. PhD dissertation. University of VVyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.
  • KÜÇÜK, O., B. W. HESS, P. A., LUDDEN, D. C. RULE 2001. Effect of forage:concentrate ratio on
  • ruminal digestion and duodenal flow of fatty acids in ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2233-2240.
  • LAMMOGLİA, M. A., S. T. WILLARD, J. R. OLDHAM, AND R. D. RANDEL 1996. Effects of dietary
  • fat and season on steroid hormonal profiles before parturition and on hormonal,
  • cholesterol, triglycerides, follicular patterns, and postpartum reproduction in Brahman
  • cows. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2253-2262.
  • LAMMOGLİA, M. A., R. A. BELLOVVS, E. E. GRINGS, AND J. W. BERGMAN 1999. Effects of
  • prepartum supplementary fat and muscle hypertrophy genotype on cold tolerance in
  • nevvborn calves. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2227-2233.
  • LARICK, D.K., B. E. TURNER, W. D. SCHOENHERR, M. T. COFFEY, AND D. H. PILKINGTON
  • Volatile compound content and fatty acid composition of pork as influenced by
  • linoleic acid content of diet. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1397-1403.
  • LUCY, M. C„ C. R. STAPLES, F. M. MICHEL. W. W. THATCHER, AND D. J. BOLT 1991. Effect of
  • feeding calcium soaps to early postpartum dairy cows on plasma prostaglandin F2,
  • luteinizing hormone, and follicular grovvth. J. Dairy Sci. 74:483-495.
  • NESTEL, P. J., A. POYSER, R. L. HOOD, S. C. MILLS, M. R. VVILLIS, L. J. COOK, AND T. W.
  • SCOTT 1978. The effect of dietary fat supplements on cholesterol metabolism in ruminants. J.
  • Lipid. Res. 19:899-909.Pantoja, J., J. L. Firkins, M. L. Eastridge, and B. L. Hull. 1994.
  • Effects of fat saturation and source of fiber on site of nutrient digestion and milk production
  • by lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:2341-2356.
  • (2004) GIDA ve YEM BİLİMİ-TEKNOLOJİ5İ Sayı: 5
  • PANTOJA, J., J. L. FIRKINS, AND M. L. EASTRIDGE 1996. Fatty acid digestion in lactating dairy
  • cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation and fiber sources. J. Dairy Sci. 79:575-584.
  • PARK, C. S., W. RAFALOVVSKI, AND G. D. MARX 1983. Effect of dietary fat supplement on lipid
  • metabolism of Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 66:528-534.
  • PLACENCIA, A., M. ESTRADA, AND R. E. ZİNN 1999. Influence of free fatty acid content on feeding
  • value of yellow grease in finishing diets for feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2603-2609.
  • PRESTON, R. L., S. J. BARTLE, AND D. C. RULE 1989. Effect of whole cottonseeds in cattle finishing
  • diets on grovvth, efficiency, and body fat composition. Asian-Austroasian J. Anim. Sci. 2:505-
  • -
  • RODRIGUEZ, L. A., C. C. STALLINGS, J. H. HERBEIN, AND M. L. MCGILLIARD 1997. Effect of
  • degradability of dietary protein and fat on ruminal, blood, and milk components of Jersey and
  • Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:353-363.
  • SCHAUFF, D. J „ J. P. ELLİOTT, J. H. CLARK, AND J. K. DRACKLEY 1992. Effects of feeding
  • lactation dairy cows diets containing vvhole soybeans and tallovv. J. Dairy Sci. 75:1923-1935.
  • SCOTT, T. W., L. J. COOK, AND S. C. MILLS 1971. Protection of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • against microbial hydrogenation in ruminants. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 48:358-364.
  • SKLAN, D., U. MOALLEM, AND Y. FOLMAN 1991. Effect of feeding calcium soaps of fatty acids on
  • productive responses in high producing lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:510-517.
  • STEELE, W. 1983. Lipid supplementation of dairy cow diets. J. Dairy Sci. 67:1716-1724.
  • STRYER, L. 1995. Biochemistry (4th Ed.). W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
  • SUTTON, J. D. 1989. Altering milk composition by feeding. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2801-2815.
  • THOMAS, M. G., B. BAO, AND G. L. VVILLIAMS 1997. Dietary fats varying their fatty acid composition
  • differentially influence follicular grovvth in covvs fed isoenergetic diets. J. Anim. Sci. 1997.
  • :2512-2519.
  • VAN NEVEL, C. J. AND D. I. DEMEYER 1996. Effect of pH on biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated
  • fatty acids and their Ca-salts by microorganisms in vitro. Archives Anim. Nutr. 49:151-158.
  • VVACHIRA A. M., SINCLAIR L. A., VVILKINSON R. G., ENSER M., WOOD J. D., AND FISHER A.
  • V. 2002. Effects of dietary fat source and breed on the carcass composition, n-3 polyunsaturated
  • fatty acid and coniugated linoleic acid content of sheep meat and adipose tissue. Br. J. Nutr.
  • :697-709.
  • VVHITNEY, M. B„ B. W. HESS, L. A. BURGWALD-BALSTAD, J. L. SAYER, C. M. TSOPITO, C. T.
  • TALBOTT, AND D. M. HALLFORD 2000. Effects of supplemental soybean oil level on in vitro
  • digestion and performance of prepubertal beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 78:504-514.
  • ZİNN, R. A. 1988. Comparative feeding value of supplemental fat in finishing diets for feedlot steers
  • supplemented vvith and vvithout monensin. J. Anim. Sci. 66:213-227.
  • ZİNN, R. A. 1989. İnfluence of level and source of dietary fat on its comparative feeding value in
  • finishing diets for steers: feedlot cattle grovvth and performance. J. Anim. Sci. 67:1029-1030.
  • ZİNN, R. A. 1992. Comparative feeding value of supplemental fat in steam-flaked corn- and steamflaked
  • vvheat-based finishing diets for feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 70:2956-2969.
  • ZİNN, R. A. and Y. Shen. 1996. Interaction of dietary calcium and supplemental fat on digestive
  • unction and grovvth performance in feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2303-2309
Toplam 123 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Osman Küçük Bu kişi benim

Haydar Özpınar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Ağustos 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2004 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Küçük, O., & Özpınar, H. (2014). RUMİNANT RASYONLARINDA YAĞ KULLANIMI. Gıda Ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi(5).

by-nc-nd.png?resize=300%2C105&ssl=1
Gıda ve Yem Bilimi-Teknolojisi Dergisi  CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 lisansı altında lisanslanmıştır
 Journal of Food and Feed Science-Technology is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0