Alternative Techniques For Fruit and Vegetable Waste Valorization in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 22, 45 - 53, 30.07.2019

Banu Akgün Nurcan Ayşar Güzelsoy Arzu Yavuz Yıldıray İstanbullu Ahmet Budaklıer

Öz

Abstract

Objective: Food loss and waste is a challenge
that all countries have to face. Food waste may cause both environmental and
economic problem if it is not managed properly; however, it can meet various
demands of a country if it is used as a resource. Turkey is a large
producer of many fruits and vegetables (e.g. tomatoes, figs,
cherries and grapes), and accordingly, solid wastes of these
agricultural products constitute an important part of total wastes in Turkey as
in other European (EU) countries. Therefore, a proper agricultural waste
management system should be designed and used in order to achieve a circular
economy. Experts recommend that agricultural wastes should
be utilized for obtaining animal feed, composting material, energy and
bioactive compounds or feeding people in need instead of throwing them. The aim
of this study is to summarize potential solutions to agricultural food waste
problem in Turkey based on scientific literature.

Materials and
Methods: In this
article, alternative methods for fruit and vegetable waste valorization have
been reviewed.

Results: The significant amount of fruit-vegetable
wastes have been produced in Turkey.

Conclusion: It is more preferable to valorize
agri-food wastes by extracting valuable bioactive compounds, producing energy or
feeding animals instead of disposing them.Öz

Amaç: Gıda kaybı ve israfı, tüm ülkelerin
yüzleşmesi gereken bir sorundur. Gıda atıkları, uygun şekilde yönetilmezse
çevresel ve ekonomik sorunlara neden olabilirler; öte yandan kaynak olarak
kullanılabilirlerse bir ülkenin çeşitli eksiklerini tamamlayabilirler. Türkiye,
birçok meyve ve sebzenin (örneğin domates, incir, kiraz ve üzüm) büyük bir
üreticisidir ve bu tarımsal ürünlerin katı atıkları, diğer Avrupa (AB)
ülkelerinde olduğu gibi, Türkiye'deki toplam atıkların önemli bir bölümünü
oluşturur. Bu nedenle, dairesel bir ekonomiye ulaşmak için uygun tarımsal atık
yönetim sistemi tasarlanmalı ve kullanılmalıdır. Uzmanlar, tarımsal atıkların
atılması yerine hayvan yemi, kompost materyali, enerji veya biyoaktif
bileşikler elde etmek ya da ihtiyacı olan insanları beslemek için kullanılması
gerektiğini belirtmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki tarımsal gıda
atıkları problemine olası çözümleri literatür verileri ışığında derlemektir.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu makalede, meyve ve sebze
atıklarının değerlendirilmesi için alternatif yöntemler gözden geçirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Türkiye'de önemli miktarda meyve-sebze
atığı üretilmektedir.

Sonuç: Tarım ürünleri atıklarını, değerli
biyoaktif bileşenleri ekstre etmek, enerji üretmek veya hayvan beslemek yoluyla
değerlendirmek onları atmaktan daha fazla tercih edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fruit and vegetable waste, waste valorization techniques, waste management

Kaynakça

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