Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

İşletme kurma kararı

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 101 - 111, 04.07.2019

Öz

Özet



Amaca
yönelik ve planlı bir birey davranışı olan işletme kurma davranışını, bireysel
ya da bağlamsal faktörlere nazaran daha üstün öngörme gücüne sahip olduğu kabul
edilen işletme kurma niyeti, her zaman işletme kurma davranışıyla
sonuçlanmamaktadır. Niyet ve davranış arasında ortaya çıkan bu “boşluk”,
girişimcilik niyeti kavramının güçlendirilmesi gerekliliğine işaret etmektedir.
Teorik keşif yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, bireylerin girişimci
olma potansiyellerini ölçme ve girişimci davranışı öngörmede kullanılan
girişimcilik niyeti modellerindeki kabuller, amaç odaklı davranış teorilerinden
yola çıkılarak kuramsal çerçevede eleştirilmekte ve girişimcilik niyetinin
oluşum süreci, arzu ve motivasyon kavramlarıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Sosyal ve
naif psikoloji ile eylem felsefesi alanlarında arzu, amaç ve davranış arasında
kurulmuş ilişkiler, girişimcilik niyeti kavramına entegre edilerek niyetin
oluşumu, “karar alma” olarak tanımlanmakta ve güdülen(en) amaçla
bağlantılandırılmaktadır. Böylece, işletme kurma niyetine “hangi niyetle” sahip
olunduğunun hâlihazırdaki kavramsallaştırmaya dâhil edilmesinin, girişimcilik
niyeti modellerini iyileştireceği savunulmaktadır. Çalışma, girişimcilik niyeti
kavramını güçlendirmeyle ilgili kuramsal getirisi yanında, girişimciliğin
arzulanabilirliğine dönük teşvik mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesi gerekliliğinin
altını çizdiğinden pratik getiriye de sahiptir.



Anahtar kelimeler: Amaç, arzu, girişimcilik niyeti,
işletme kurma, motivasyon

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKÇAABRAHAM, C. ve SHEERAN, P. (2003). “Implications of Goal Theories for the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour”. Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 22 (3): 264-280.AJZEN, I. (1991). “The Theory of Planned Behavior”. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50: 179-211.AJZEN, I. (2002). “Perceived Behavioral Control, Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control and the Theory of Planned Behavior”. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32: 1-20.AJZEN, I. ve FISHBEIN, M. (2005). “The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior”. Albarracín, D., Johnson, B.T. ve Zanna M.P. (Der.), The Handbook of Attitudes (173-221). Erlbaum, Mahwah NJ.AMABILE, T. M. (1997). “Entrepreneurial Creativity Through Motivational Synergy”. Journal of Creative Behavior, 31 (1): 18-26.ANSCOMBE, G.E.M. (2002). L’intention. Editions Gallimard, Paris.ARMITAGE, C.J. ve CONNER, M. (1999). “The Theory of Planned Behaviour: Assessment of Predictive Validity and ‘Perceived Control’ ”. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38: 35-54.ARMITAGE, C.J. ve CONNER, M. (2001). “Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A Meta-Analytic Review”. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40: 471–499.AUSTIN, J.T. ve VANCOUVER, J.B. (1996). “Goal Constructs in Psychology: Structure, Process and Content”. Psychological Bulletin, 120 (3): 338-375.BAGOZZI, R.P. ve WARSHAW, P.R. (1990). “Trying to Consume”. Journal of Consumer Research, 17: 127-140.BAGOZZI, R.P. (1992). “The Self-Regulation of Attitudes, Intentions, and Behavior”. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55 (2): 178-204.BANDURA, A. (1977). “Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change”. Psychological Review, 84 (2): 191-215.BIRD, B.J. (1988). “Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention”. Academy of Management Review, 13 (3): 442-453.BIRLEY, S. ve WESTHEAD, P. (1994). “A Taxonomy of Business Start-Up Reasons and Their Impact on Firm Growth and Size”. Journal of Business Venturing, 9: 7-31.BOYD, N.G. ve VOZIKIS, G.S. (1994). “The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18 (4): 63-77.BRÄNNBACK, M., KRUEGER, N., CARSRUD, A., KICKUL, J. ve ELFVING, J. (2007). “ ‘Trying’ to be an Entrepreneur? A ‘Goal Specific’ Challenge to the Intentions Model”. Babson Collegiate Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Haziran, Madrid, İspanya.BRATMAN, M.E. (1997). “Pour une Théorie Modeste de L’action Planifié”. Dupuy, J.-P., ve Livet, P. (Der.), Les Limites de la Rationalité, Tome 1 Rationalité, Éthique et Cognition, Colloque de Cerisy (75-87). Editions La Découverte, Paris.BROCKHAUS, R.H. (1980). “Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs”. Academy of Management Journal, 23 (3): 509-520.BROCKHAUS, R.H. (1982). “The Psychology of the Entrepreneur”. Kent, C., Sexton, D. ve Vesper K. (Der.), Encylopedia of Entrepreneurship (39-56). Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ.BYGRAVE, W.D. ve HOFER, C.W. (1991). “Theorizing About Entrepreneurship”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Kış: 13-22.CARSRUD, A. ve BRÄNNBACK, M. (2011). “Entrepreneurial Motivations: What Do We Still Need to Know?”. Journal of Small Business Management, 49 (1): 9-26.CARTER, N.M., GARTNER, W.B., SHAVER, K.G., ve GATEWOOD, E.J. (2003). “The Career Reasons of Nascent Entrepreneurs”. Journal of Business Venturing, 18: 13-39.CARVER, C.S. ve SCHEIER, M.F. (2001). On the Self-Regulation of Behavior. Cambridge University Press, New York.CHARREIRE, S. ve DURIEUX, F. (2003). “Explorer et Tester: Deux Voies Pour la Recherche”. Thiétart, R.-A. vd. (Der.), Méthodes de Recherche en Management (57-81). Dunod, Paris.CLARK, A. (1987). “From Folk Psychology to Naive Psychology”. Cognitive Science, 11: 139-154.DAVIDSON, D. (2001). Essays on Actions and Events. Oxford University Press, New York.DECI, E.L. ve RYAN, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer Science+Business Media, New York.DECI, E.L. ve RYAN, R.M. (2000). “The “What” and “Why” of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior”. Psychological Inquiry, 11 (4): 227-268.DIEL, P. (1969). Psychologie de la Motivation: Théorie et Application Thérapeutique. Petite Bibliothèque Payot, Paris.DRETSKE, F. (1991). Explaining Behavior: Reasons in a World of Causes. MIT Press, USA.ELFVING, J., BRÄNNBACK, M. ve CARSRUD, A.L. (2009). “Toward a Contextual Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions”. Carsrud, A.L., ve Brännback, M. (Der.), Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind: Opening the Black Box (23-33). Springer, New York.EMIN, S. (2003). L’intention de Créer Une Enterprise des Chercheurs Publics: Le Cas Français. İşletme Yönetimi Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Université Pierre Mendes, Fransa.ENGEL, P. (1996). “Is Desire Necessary for the Explanation of Action?”. 8ième Symposium de l’Académie du Midi sur le ‘Désir’, 27-31 Mayıs, Château de Nyer, Rousillon, Fransa.ENGLE, R.L., DIMITRIADI, N., GAVIDIA, J.V., SCHLAEGEL, C., DELANOE, S., ALVARADO, I., HE, X., BUAME, S. ve WOLFF, B. (2010). “Entrepreneurial Intent: A Twelve‐Country Evaluation of Ajzen's Model of Planned Behavior”. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 16 (1): 35-57.FAYOLLE, A. (2003). Le Métier de Créateur D’entreprise. Éditions d’Organisation, Paris.FAYOLLE, A. ve LINAN, F. (2014). “The Future of Research in Entrepreneurial Intentions”. Journal of Business Research, 67: 663-666.FISHBEIN, M. (1963). “An Investigation of the Relationships Between Beliefs About an Object and the Attitude Toward that Object”, Human Relations, 16 (3): 233-239.FISHBEIN, M. VE AJZEN, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts MA.GEEN, R.G. (1995). Human Motivation: A Social Psychological Approach. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Bellmont CA.GOLLWITZER, P.M. (1999). “Implementation Intentions”. American Psychologist, 54 (7): 493-503.HEIDER, F. (1982). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.HERNANDEZ, E.M. ve MARCO, L. (2006). Entrepreneur et Décision: De L’intention À L’acte. Editions Eska, Paris.KAROLY, P. (1993). “Mechanisms of Self-Regulation: A Systems View”. Annual Review of Psychology, 44: 23-52.KOLVEREID, L. (1996). “Organizational Employment versus Self-Employment: Reasons for Career Choice Intentions”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20 (3): 23-31.KRUEGER, N. (1993). “The Impact of Prior Entrepreneurial Exposure on Perceptions of New Venture Feasibility and Desirability”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Sonbahar: 5-21.KRUEGER, JR. N.F. (2000). “The Cognitive Infrastructure of Opportunity Emergence”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Bahar: 5-23.KRUEGER, N. (2009). “Entrepreneurial Intentions are Dead: Long Live Entrepreneurial Intentions”. Carsrud, A.L., ve Brännback, M. (Der.), Understranding the Entrepreneurial Mind: Opening the Black Box (51-72). Springer, New York.KRUEGER, JR. N.F. ve BRAZEAL, D.V. (1994). “Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Bahar: 91-104.KRUEGER, JR. N.F., REİLLY, M.D. ve CARSRUD, A.L. (2000). “Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions”. Journal of Business Venturing, 15: 411-432.LAPIERE, R.T. (1934). “Attitudes vs. Actions”. Social Forces, 13 (2): 230-237.LEARNED, K.E. (1992). “What Happened Before the Organization? A Model of Organization Formation”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17 (1): 39-48.LOCKE, E.A. ve LATHAM, G.P. (1990). A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.LORTIE, J. ve CASTOGIOVANNI, G. (2015). “The Theory of Planned Behavior in Entrepreneurship Research: What We Know and Future Directions”. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11 (4): 935-957.MALLE, B.F. (1999). “How People Explain Behaviour: A New Theoretical Framework”. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3 (1): 23-48.MALLE, B.F. ve KNOBE, J. (1997). “The Folk Concept of Intentionality”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33 (2): 101-121.MARKS, J. (1986). “On the Need for Theory of Desire”. Marks, J. (Der.), The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical Psychology on the Concept of Wanting (1-16). Precedent Publishing Inc., Chicago Illinois.MARTIN, R. (1975). Contribution À L’étude du Concept de Motivation. Edebiyat-Psikoloji, Doktora Tezi, Université Lyon II, Fransa.MILLER, G.A., GALANTER, E. ve PRIBRAM, K.H. (1960). Plans and the Structure of Behavior. Holt, New York.MCCLELLAND, D.C. (1961). The Achieving Society. D. Van Nostrand Company Inc., Princeton NJ.NUTTIN, J. (2005). Théorie de la Motivation Humaine: Du Besoin au Projet d’action. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.PAULSSEN, M. ve BAGOZZI, R.P. (2006). “Goal Hierarchies as Antecedents of Market Structure”. Psychology & Marketing, 23 (8): 689-709.PERUGINI, M. ve BAGOZZI, R.P. (2004a). “The Distinction Between Desires and Intentions”. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34: 69-84.PERUGINI, M. ve BAGOZZI, R.P. (2004b). “An Alternative View of Pre-Volitional Processes in Decision Making: Conceptual Issues and Empirical Evidence”. Haddock, G. ve Maio, G.R. (Der.), Contemporary Perspectives on the Psychology of Attitudes (169-201). Psychology Press, Hove East Sussex.POWERS, W.T. (1973). Behavior: The Control of Perception. Aldine, Chicago IL.PROUST, J. (2003). “La Philosophie et la Théorie de L’action”. FMSH (Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme), 12 Mayıs, www.archivesaudiovisuelles.fr, 1.4.2019.PROUST, J. (2005). “La Nature de la Volonté. Editions Gallimard, Paris.REYNOLDS, P.D., CAMP, S.M., BYGRAVE, W.D., AUTIO, E. ve HAY, M. (2001). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Executive Report. United Nations Association of the USA and the Business Council for the United Nations. www.gemconsortium.org, 1.4.2019.ROSENBERG, M.J. (1967), “Cognitive Structure and Attitudinal Affect”, Fishbein, M. (Der.), Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement, (325-331). John Willey & Sons, Inc., New York.SCHLAEGEL, C. ve KOENIG, M. (2014). “Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intent: A Meta-Analytic Test and Integration of Competing Models”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Mart: 291-332.SEARLE, J. (1985). Intentionnalité: Essai de Philosophie des États Mentaux. Editions de Minuit, Paris.SHANE, S., KOLVEREID, L. ve WESTHEAD, P. (1991). “An Exploratory Examination of the Reasons Leading to New Firm Formation Across Country and Gender”. Journal of Business Venturing, 6: 431-446.SHANE, S., LOCKE, E.A. ve COLLINS, C.J. (2003). “Entrepreneurial Motivation”. Human Resource Management Review, 13 (2): 257-279.SHAPERO, A. ve SOKOL, L. (1982). “The Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship”. Kent, C., Sexton, D. ve Vesper K. (Der.), Encylopedia of Entrepreneurship (72-90). Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ.VROOM, V.H. (1964). Work and Motivation. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco.VAN GELDEREN, M., BRAND, M., VAN PRAAG, M., BODEWES, W., POUTSMA, E. ve GILS, A. (2008). “Explaining Entrepreneurial Intentions by Means of the Theory of Planned Behaviour”. Career Development International, 13 (6): 538-559.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi
Yazarlar

Sibel Tokatlioglu 0000-0002-3265-790X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tokatlioglu, S. (2019). İşletme kurma kararı. Girişimcilik Ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 14(1), 101-111.