Şiddet İçerikli Video Oyunları ve Saldırganlık İlişkisinin Gözden Geçirilmesi

Öz

Şiddet içerikli video oyunları, son yıllarda popüler bir eğlence aktivitesi haline gelmiştir. Saldırganlık alan yazınında kabul gören kuramlar, saldırganlığın biliş, uyarılma, duygulanım ya da davranış gibi spesifik bir bileşenine odaklandıkları için video oyunu şiddetine maruz kalmanın etkilerini açıklamada görece sınırlı kalmışlardır. Genel Saldırganlık Modeli, şiddet içerikli video oyunu tüketmenin olası tüm etkilerini süreç boyunca açıklamaya çalışmıştır ve önceki pek çok kuramsal açıklamayı bütüncül bir yaklaşımla bir araya getirmiştir. Böylece bu tür içeriğin tüketilmesi esnasında ya da hemen sonrasında saldırganlıkla ilgili bilişlerde, saldırgan uyarılmada, saldırgan duygulanımda ve saldırgan davranışta meydana gelen artış ile ilişkili olduğu önerilmiştir. Nitekim alanda farklı yöntemler kullanılarak yürütülen çok sayıda çalışma bu görüşü destekleyen kanıtlar sunmuştur. Genel Saldırganlık Modeli ayrıca şiddet içerikli video oyunlarını tekrarlı biçimde tüketmenin, saldırganlık ve şiddet içeren uyaranlar için zamanla duyarsızlaşma yaratacağını önermiştir. Bununla paralel olarak çok sayıda araştırma şiddet içeren video oyunlarına maruz kalmanın empati, özgeci davranış ve diğerine yönelmiş saldırganlık karşısında duyarlılık gibi olumlu sonuçlarda azalma ile ilgili olduğunu göstermiştir. Alanda artan ilgiyle yürütülen bu araştırmalar ve yıllar içinde bu araştırmaların bulgularını bir araya getirerek inceleyen meta-analiz çalışmalarının sonuçları şiddet içerikli video oyunu oynama ve saldırganlık arasında tutarlı bir ilişki olduğuna dair kanıtlar sağlamışlardır. Böylece şiddet içerikli video oyunlarının saldırgan tepkilerin ortaya çıkması için bir risk faktörü olduğu yaygın olarak kabul edilmiştir. Diğer yandan bu konuda ülkemizde yürütülen çalışma sayısının sınırlı olduğu ve konunun yeterince ilgi görmediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı Genel Saldırganlık Kuramı çerçevesinden şiddet içerikli video oyunları ve saldırganlık üzerine getirilen temel kuramsal açıklamaları ve bazı görgül çalışma bulgularını gözden geçirerek alana dikkat çekmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Saldırganlık
• Şiddet içerikli video oyunları
• Genel Saldırganlık Modeli

A Review of The Relationship Between Violent Video Games and Aggression

Öz

Violent video games have become a popular leisure activity in recent years. Aggression theories have been relatively limited in explaining the effects of video game violence as they focus on a specific component of aggression such as cognition, arousal, affect, or behaviour. The General Aggression Model attempted to explain all the possible effects of consuming violent video games throughout the process by combining many previous theoretical explanations with a holistic approach. Accordingly, the model suggested that it was associated with increased aggressive cognitions, arousal, affect, and behaviour that occur during or immediately after consuming such content. Further, The General Aggression Model has suggested that repeatedly consuming violent video games causes desensitization to aggressive stimuli over time. Numerous studies conducted using different methods in the field have provided evidence to support that violent video games are associated with an increase in aggressive cognition, arousal, affection, behaviour and a decrease in positive outcomes, such as empathy, prosocial behaviour, and sensitivity to aggression directed towards others. The results of these studies conducted with an increasing interest in this field and the results of meta-analysis studies, which have gathered the findings of these studies over the years, provided evidence that there is a consistent relationship between violent video game playing and aggression. On the other hand, the number of studies conducted in our country on violent video games effects are limited. In this regard, the present study aims to draw attention to the field by reviewing the underlying theoretical explanations and some empirical evidence on violent video games and aggression within the framework of General Aggression Theory.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aggression
• Violent video games
• General Aggression Model

Kaynakça

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