Ekolojik Sistemler Perspektifinden Psikolojik Sağlamlık

Öz

Psikolojik sağlamlık, çok boyutlu bir olgudur. Sabit ve değişmez bir yapıdan ziyade, çevre ile etkileşimle şekillenen ve değişken bir yapıya sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Psikolojik sağlamlığın çocuklarda ve yetişkinlerde nasıl işlediğini, nasıl şekillendiğini ve nasıl desteklenebileceğini açıklayabilmek amacıyla literatürde çeşitli kuramlar bulunmaktadır. Psikolojik sağlamlığı açıklamak için, riskler ve koruyucu faktörlerin de hesaba katılması ile Bronfenbrenner’ın ekolojik sistem teorisinin yardımcı olabileceği görülmüştür. Buna istinaden bu çalışmada, bu savununun temelleri ve gerekçeleri tartışılmıştır. Sırasıyla, riskler ve stres, psikolojik sağlamlık tanımları, koruyucu faktörler, ekolojik sistem yaklaşımının psikolojik sağlamlığa bakış açısı ve sağlamlığa dair son çıkarımlara yer verilmiştir. Tartışma kısmında ise, literatürde sağlamlığın neden ekolojik perspektifle açıklanabileceğine dair gerekçelere yer verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ekolojik perspektifin, sağlamlığı anlama ve sağlamlığa katkıda bulunmak adına önemli çıkarımlara rehberlik edebileceği öngörülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psikolojik sağlamlık
• ekolojik sistemler kuramı
• riskler
• koruyucu faktörler
• Bronfenbrenner

Psychological Resilience from the Ecological Systems Perspective

Abstract

Psychological resilience is a multidimensional phenomenon. Rather than being a fixed and unchangeable structure, it is thought to have a variable structure shaped by interaction with the environment. There are several theories in the literature to explain how resilience functions in children and adults, how it is shaped and how it can be supported. It has been seen that Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory can help explain psychological resilience, taking into account the risks and protective factors. Based on this, the foundations and rationales of this argument are discussed in this study. Risks and stress, definitions of psychological resilience, protective factors, perspective of the ecological system approach to psychological resilience and final conclusions about resilience are given, respectively. In the discussion part, the reasons for why resilience can be explained from an ecological perspective in the literature are given. As a result, it is predicted that the ecological perspective can guide important inferences for understanding and contributing resilience.

Keywords

• psychological resilience
• ecological systems theory
• risks
• protective factors
• Bronfenbrenner

Kaynakça

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