Processes and Factors of Social Exclusion in Arrival Cities: Attitudes towards Syrians under Temporary Protection in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul

Abstract

There have been fierce discussions on the causes of global mobility/migration and its effects on national security and belonging as well as struggles that migrants’ have had to face in arrival countries, while little has been said about how residents of arrival cities have been reacted to the effects of global mobility. Lacking of studies that evaluate the migration issue from the side of receiver societies seems result in one-sided policies that put the pressure on migrants in addressing ever-increasing discrimination and exclusion practices cities. The aim of this paper is to look from “the eyes of receiver societies” to determine existing / potential struggles that result in social exclusion practices at local level, where all social tensions become observable. To provide evidence, 40 semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2016 in Tarlabaşı Istanbul (a metropolitan urban area that has received considerable amount of Syrian immigrants since 2011). The main argument is, regardless of ethnic, cultural and religious similarities and discourses of brotherhood; Syrian immigrants are more likely to be excluded in the long term as their duration of stay increases and as they engage urban economy (labor market, redistribution mechanisms), network relations and everyday lives of native residents.

Keywords

• Syrian immigrant crisis,social & spatial exclusion,exclusion in everyday life

Göçmen Ağırlayan Kentlerde Sosyal Dışlanma Süreci ve Etmenleri: Istanbul Tarlabaşı’ndaki Geçici Koruma Altındaki Suriyelilere Yönelik Tutumlar

Öz

Küresel hareketlilik ve göç, bu süreçlerin ulusal güvenlik, aidiyet ve toplumsal ilişkiler üzerine etkileri ile beraber göçmenlerin gittikleri ülkelerde yüzleşmek durumunda kaldıkları problemlere değinen çalışmalara literatürde sıkça yer verilirken; göçmenleri rızayla veya zorla ağırlamak durumunda kalan toplumların bu küresel hareketliliğe karşı tepkileri ve görüşlerine yönelik çalışmalar eksik kalmıştır. Söz konusu eksiklik, kentlerde giderek artan sosyal dışlanma ve ayrımcılık süreçlerinin önlenmesinde, sorumluluğun büyük kısmını göçmenlere yükleyen tek taraflı politikalar üretilmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, küresel göçün kentsel etkilerini, göçmenleri misafir eden toplumların gözünden yerel ölçekte (özellikle mahalle ölçeğinde, günlük ilişkiler odağında) değerlendirerek, sosyal dışlanma pratiklerine neden olan mevcut / potansiyel gerilimleri ortaya koymaktır. Tartışma, 2011 yılından itibaren Suriyeli göçmenlerin ağırlıklı olarak geldiği İstanbul Tarlabaşı’nda, 2016 yılında gerçekleştirilen 40 adet yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakat bulguları ve güncel kentsel tartışmalar ışığında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın temel argümanı, etnik, kültürel ve dini benzerliklere bakılmaksızın; Suriye göçmenlerin kentte kalış sürelerinin arttıkça, kentte kalış sürelerine bağlı olarak, kent ekonomisine (yani iş gücü piyasasına, yeniden dağıtım mekanizmalarına) toplumsal ağlara ve günlük toplumsal ilişkilere dahil oldukça, uzun vadede daha çok ayrımcılık ve dışlanma pratiklerine maruz kalmalarıdır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Suriyeli sığınmacı krizi,sosyal ve mekansal dışlanma,gündelik hayatta dışlanma

Kaynakça

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