SPORCULARDA YEME BOZUKLUKLARI

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 10, 19.06.2019

Dilek Kendir Efsun Karabudak

Öz

Yeme bozuklukları yüksek mortalite oranına sahip klinik
ruhsal bozukluklardır. Yeme bozukluğu sporcularda genel popülasyondan daha
yüksek oranda gözlenmektedir. Yeme bozukluğu gelişimi açısından daha fazla risk
altında olan spor dalları ise; sıklet sporları (judo, boks, halter, güreş),
estetik sporlar (bale, jimnastik, artistik paten) ve dayanıklılık (uzun mesafe
koşu, bisiklet) sporlarıdır. Kadın sporcularda yeme bozuklukları, düşük vücut
ağırlığı ve yetersiz enerji alımının sonucu menstrual disfonksiyon, düşük
enerji kullanılabilirliği ve düşük kemik mineral yoğunluğu ile karakterize olan
sporcu triadı ile ilişkilidir. Yeme bozukluğu olan kadın sporcularda gözlenen
aşırı egzersiz yapma davranışı sonucunda yorgunluk, amenore, vücut ağırlık kaybı
ve uykusuzluk gibi belirtiler ile ortaya çıkan sürantrenman durumu gözlenmekte
ve performans bozulmaktadır. Yeme bozukluklarının erken dönemde saptanması hem
sağlık problemlerinin ortaya çıkmasını hem de sporcunun performansının olumsuz
etkilenmesini engellemektedir. Antrenörlere ve sporculara yeme bozuklukları
risk faktörleri konusunda eğitim verilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sporcuya
yeme bozukluğu tanısı konulduktan sonra; multidisipliner (spor hekimi, sporcu
diyetisyeni, spor psikoloğu ve antrenörden oluşan) bir ekiple tedavi sürecinin
planlanması oldukça önemlidir. Bu derleme sporcularda yeme bozukluğu
yaygınlığını, risk altındaki spor dallarını ve yeme bozukluklarına sebep olan
faktörleri değerlendirmek ve yeme bozuklukları ile ilgili genel bilgi vermek
amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeme bozuklukları, sporcu, spor dalı, performans

Kaynakça

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