Dynamics of Rivalry and Power in Realism: Evidence from the Karabakh Conflict
Öz
International relations theories have long sought to explain states’ foreign policy behavior by emphasizing different levels of analysis, with realism remaining one of the most influential and enduring approaches in the field. Classical realism foregrounds power struggles, national interests, and the role of human nature, whereas neorealism focuses on the anarchic structure of the international system and the distribution of capabilities among states. Despite their analytical strengths, both strands of realism tend to underestimate or overlook the role of domestic political dynamics and ideational factors in shaping foreign policy outcomes. Neoclassical Realism emerged to address these theoretical limitations by integrating systemic pressures with unit-level variables. This approach emphasizes how state capacity, leadership perceptions, elite consensus, state–society relations, and ideational frameworks mediate the translation of international constraints into concrete policy choices. In doing so, Neoclassical Realism offers a more nuanced and context-sensitive explanation of foreign policy behavior. Applying this framework to Russia–Türkiye relations demonstrates that the interaction between the two states cannot be reduced to a simple model of rivalry or alliance. Instead, competition, pragmatic cooperation, and parallel struggles for regional influence coexist in a dynamic and issue-specific manner. The Karabakh case, in particular, illustrates how systemic power assessments interact with domestic strategic calculations in both countries. Consequently, this case strongly supports the multidimensional explanatory capacity of Neoclassical Realism in capturing complex regional interactions beyond binary interpretations.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etik Beyan
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Ahmet Turan
*
0000-0002-0227-6161
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
23 Mart 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
24 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi
5 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1