Investigation of The Weldability of PLA Plus Sheets with Different Infill Ratios by Friction Stir Welding

Öz

Although the joining processes of plastics are typically carried out through welding, adhesive bonding, or mechanical fastening elements, the production of complex and large parts often requires welding technology. In this study, the effect of part infill ratio (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) on the welding strength of 3D printed PLA Plus parts was evaluated through friction stir welding (FSW). Tensile tests and temperature measurements were carried out to examine the effects of friction stir welding process parameters (feed rate: 50 and 100 mm/min and rotational speed: 1000 and 1500 rpm) on the structure and mechanical properties of friction stir welding. Moreover, visual inspections were performed to detect defects in the weld zone. Compared to the PLA Plus samples given as reference according to the infill ratios, the highest welding strengths were obtained at 80%, 60% and 100% infill ratios (29.4 MPa, 17.47 MPa and 41.12 MPa and 112.38%, 97.48%, 87.04% efficiency, respectively). As a result, it was determined that at low infill ratios (20% and 40%), the weld quality was negatively affected, and a surface tunnel defect occurred in the weld zone. It has been determined that the weld quality in FSW is significantly affected by the temperature occurring during the process. The study has shown that parts printed at different infill ratios, especially on a 3D printer, can be combined with friction stir welding and that the efficiency of the welding process can be increased by optimizing the infill ratios.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Friction stir welding
• 3D printing
• PLA Plus
• infill ratio
• mechanical properties
• heat generation.

Farklı Doluluk Oranlarına Sahip PLA Plus Plakaların Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağı İle Kaynaklanabilirliğinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Plastiklerin birleştirme işlemleri; genellikle kaynak, yapıştırma veya mekanik bağlama elemanları ile gerçekleştirilmesine rağmen, karmaşık ve büyük parçaların üretimi çoğunlukla kaynak teknolojisi gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada; 3B basılmış PLA Plus parçaların sürtünme karıştırma kaynağıyla (FSW) birleştirilmesinde, parça doluluk oranlarının (%20, %40, %60, %80 ve %100) kaynak mukavemetine (ultimate tensile stress-UTS) etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı işlem parametrelerinin (ilerleme hızı: 50 ve 100 mm/min ve dönme hızı: 1000 ve 1500 rpm), sürtünme karıştırma kaynağının yapısı ve mekanik özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek için çekme testleri ve sıcaklık ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca kaynak bölgesindeki kusurları tespit etmek için görsel incelemeler yapılmıştır. Doluluk oranlarına göre referans olarak verilen PLA Plus numunelerine kıyasla en yüksek kaynak mukavemetleri sırasıyla %80, %60 ve %100 doluluk oranında (sırasıyla 29.4 MPa, 17.47 MPa ve 41.12 MPa ve %112.38 %97.48, %87.04 verimlilik) elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak düşük doluluk oranlarında (%20 ve %40) kaynak kalitesinin olumsuz etkilendiği ve kaynak bölgesinde surface tunnel kusurunun oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. FSW’de kaynak kalitesinin işlem sırasında ortaya çıkan sıcaklıktan önemli derecede etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma, özellikle 3B yazıcıda farklı doluluk oranlarında basılan parçaların sürtünme karıştırma kaynağıyla birleştirilebilir olduğunu ve doluluk oranlarının optimizasyonu ile kaynak işleminin verimliliğinin artırılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı
• 3D baskı
• PLA Plus
• dolgu oranı
• mekanik özellikler.

Kaynakça

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