Three-Level Boost Converter-Based Single-Phase Five-Level T-Type Inverter

Öz

This study proposes a cascaded power conversion structure composed of a three-level DC-DC boost converter and a single-phase five-level T-type inverter to address the high performance and power quality demands of renewable energy systems. The integrated topology is designed to overcome the limitations of conventional two-level architectures by combining high voltage gain with reduced voltage stress on power switches and minimized total harmonic distortion (THD). The paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model and a robust control strategy, utilizing decoupled loops for total DC-link voltage regulation and neutral-point balancing, alongside a synchronous reference frame current controller for the inverter stage. Simulation studies conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment validate the operational characteristics of the proposed system. The results demonstrate that the boost stage maintains a stable symmetric DC link voltage of 350𝑉𝑑𝑐 (∓175𝑉𝑑𝑐). Furthermore, the T-type inverter generates a five-level output waveform with a THD as low as 1.22% under steady-state conditions and 1.01% under dynamic loading, compliant with IEEE 519 standards. This confirms the system capability to reduce voltage stress on switches by 50% while ensuring high-quality power delivery. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• DC-AC conversion
• Three-level boost converter
• T-type inverter

Üç Seviyeli Yükseltici Dönüştürücü Tabanlı Tek Fazlı Beş Seviyeli T-Tipi İnverter

Öz

Bu çalışma, yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerinin yüksek performans ve güç kalitesi taleplerini karşılamak için üç seviyeli bir DC-DC yükseltici dönüştürücü ve tek fazlı beş seviyeli T-tipi invertörden oluşan kademeli bir güç dönüştürme yapısı önermektedir. Entegre topoloji, yüksek voltaj kazancını güç anahtarlarındaki voltaj gerilimini azaltarak ve toplam harmonik bozulmayı (THB) en aza indirerek geleneksel iki seviyeli mimarilerin sınırlamalarının üstesinden gelmek üzere tasarlanmıştır. Makale, toplam DC bağlantı voltajı regülasyonu ve nötr nokta dengelemesi için ayrı döngüler kullanan kapsamlı bir matematiksel model ve sağlam bir kontrol stratejisi ile birlikte invertör aşaması için senkron referans çerçeve akım kontrolcüsünü sunmaktadır. MATLAB/Simulink ortamında yapılan simülasyon çalışmaları, önerilen sistemin çalışma özelliklerini doğrulamaktadır. Sonuçlar, yükseltici aşamanın 350𝑉𝑑𝑐 (∓175𝑉𝑑𝑐) kararlı simetrik bir DC bağlantı voltajını koruduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, T-tipi invertör, IEEE 519 standartlarına uygun olarak, kararlı durum koşullarında %1.22 ve dinamik yükleme altında %1.01 kadar düşük THD ile beş seviyeli bir çıkış dalga formu üretir. Bu, sistemin yüksek kaliteli güç iletimini sağlarken anahtarlar üzerindeki voltaj stresini %50 oranında azaltma yeteneğini doğrular. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• DC-AC dönüşüm
• üç seviyeli yükseltici dönüştürücü
• T-tipi invertör

Kaynakça

1. [1] H.-C. Chen and W.-J. Lin, “MPPT and voltage balancing control with sensing only inductor current for photovoltaic-fed, three-level, boost-type converters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 29–35, 2014.
2. [2] A. Pirooz and R. Noroozian, “Model predictive control of classic bidirectional DC–DC converter for battery applications,” in Proc. 7th Power Electronics, Drive Systems & Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), 2016, pp. 517–522.
3. [3] X. Liang, C. Zhang, S. Srdic, and S. Lukic, “Predictive control of a series-interleaved multi-cell three-level boost power factor correction converter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1–12, 2017.
4. [4] A. Blinov, A. Chub, D. Vinnikov, and S. Bayhan, “Single-stage series-connected isolated converters for MVAC to DC applications,” in Proc. 3rd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE), 2022.
5. [5] H. Karneddi and D. Ronanki, “Universal bridgeless non-isolated battery charger with wide output voltage range,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1–5, 2022.
6. [6] D.-T. Do and M.-K. Nguyen, “Three-level quasi-switched boost T-type inverter: Analysis, PWM control, and verification,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 8329–8339, 2018.
7. [7] V.-T. Tran, D.-T. Do, and M.-K. Nguyen, “A three-level DC-link quasi-switch boost T-type inverter with voltage stress reduction,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 14, p. 3566, 2020.
8. [8] D.-T. Do, V.-T. Tran, and M.-K. Nguyen, “Enhanced boost factor for three-level quasi-switched boost T-type inverter,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 13, p. 3876, 2021.

9. [9] N. Osman, M. F. M. Elias, and N. A. Rahim, “Design and analysis of three-level hybrid boost converter based on T-type inverter for solar photovoltaic system,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1835–1845, 2020.
10. [10] M.-K. Nguyen, D.-T. Do, V.-T. Tran, and H.-H. Lee, “A single-stage boost-derived T-type inverter with self-balanced capacitor voltage,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 451–462, 2021.
11. [11] D.-T. Do et al., “Fault tolerant control methods for three-level boost T-type inverter,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 5803–5814, 2022.
12. [12] J. Gutiérrez-Escalona, “Full SiC three-level T-type quasi-Z-source inverter as grid interface,” IET Power Electronics, Early Access, 2025.
13. [13] B. Sharma, S. Manna, V. Saxena, et al., “A comprehensive review of multi-level inverters, modulation, and control for grid-interfaced solar PV systems,” Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 661, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84296-1.
14. [14] D. Zinchenko, A. Blinov, A. Chub, D. Vinnikov, I. Verbytskyi, and S. Bayhan, “High-efficiency single-stage on-board charger for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 12581–12592, 2021.
15. [15] N. Guler, F. Bagheri, H. Komurcugil, and S. Bayhan, “An MPC-controlled bidirectional battery charger with DC–DC and three-level F-type converters,” in Proc. 4th International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE), 2024.
16. [16] K. C. Jana and S. K. Biswas, “Generalised switching scheme for a space vector PWM-based N-level inverter with reduced switching frequency and harmonics,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 2377–2385, 2015.
17. [17] G. Yang, H. Yi, C. Chai, B. Huang, Y. Zhang, and Z. Chen, “Predictive current control of boost three-level and T-type inverters cascaded in wind power generation systems,” Algorithms, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 92, 2018.
18. [18] Y. Yang, X. Zhang, and Y. Kang, “A constant switching frequency model predictive control without weighting factors for T-type single-phase three-level inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 5265–5276, 2018.
19. [19] M. İnci, “Performance analysis of T-type inverter based on improved hysteresis current control,” Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 12–20, 2019.
20. [20] G. S. Lakshmi and S. N. Kumar, “Comparison of multilevel inverters with T-type MLI: A brief review,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2023.