Araştırma Makalesi

Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves

Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2 30 Haziran 2026
PDF İndir
TR EN

Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves

Öz

This study presents a detailed parametric experimental analysis of a hybrid wave energy harvesting system that simultaneously employs electromagnetic induction through linear alternators and the direct piezoelectric effect through PZT ceramic transducers. The system adopts a floating-buoy architecture in which vertical wave motion drives two coil-magnet linear alternator arms and actuates four piezoelectric discs via a mechanical compression assembly. A low-loss Schottky-diode voltage doubler rectification circuit was designed to independently condition the AC outputs of each subsystem, minimising diode-forward-voltage losses to 0.34 V per half-cycle. Systematic experiments were conducted under controlled wave rise velocities of 0.27 m/s and 0.32 m/s, wave periods of 2–6 s, load resistances of 165–470 kΩ, and one or two magnets per alternator arm. The linear alternator achieved a peak output of 14.30 V and 858.78 µW, while the PZT subsystem reached 3.07 V and 28.48 µW under optimal conditions. Doubling the magnet count increased alternator power by up to 190% (at the same 330 kΩ load), while a 19% rise in wave velocity produced a 141–328% gain in PZT power depending on wave period. Impedance matching analysis identified separate optimal load conditions: 165 kΩ for the electromagnetic subsystem and 330 kΩ for the piezoelectric subsystem. An analytical Maxwell field model confirms that the dual-magnet configuration enhances peak flux density by approximately 78% and significantly broadens the effective coil-magnet coupling region. The hybrid configuration achieved a 15% increase in volumetric power density (4.3 µW/cm³) compared to the best single-mechanism configuration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Ordu University

Proje Numarası

A2329

Etik Beyan

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Teşekkür

This study is supported by the Ordu University Department of Scientific Research Project Development Program of Turkey under project number A2329.

Kaynakça

  1. [1] R. Raajiv, R. Kumar and J. Pandey, "Ocean energy—a myriad of opportunities in the renewable energy sector," pp. 225–246, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394174805.ch9
  2. [2] B. Drew, A. R. Plummer and M. N. Sahinkaya, "A review of wave energy converter technology," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 223(8), 887–902, 2009.
  3. [3] A. Samad and R. Suchithra, "Marine power technology—wave energy," Academic Press, pp. 241–267, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822989-7.00009-3
  4. [4] J. H. Tan, X. Wang, H. Polinder et al., "Downsizing the linear PM generator in wave energy conversion for improved economic feasibility," Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(9), 1316, 2022.
  5. [5] L. Xu, X. Zhu, C. Zhang et al., "Power oriented design and optimization of dual stator linear-rotary generator with Halbach PM array for ocean energy conversion," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 36(4), 3125–3135, 2021.
  6. [6] L. He, R. Liu, X. Liu et al., "A piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester for low-frequency wave motion and self-sensing wave environment monitoring," Energy Conversion and Management, 299, 117920, 2024.
  7. [7] B. Feng, B. Wang, Y. Zhu et al., "Design, modeling and experiments of swing L-shape piezoelectric beam applied to tidal and wave energy harvesting," Ocean Engineering, 289, 116193, 2023.
  8. [8] N. J. Baker, A. A. Almoraya, M. A. H. Raihan et al., "Development and wave tank demonstration of a fully controlled permanent magnet drive for a heaving wave energy converter," Energies, 15(13), 4811, 2022.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Elektrik Enerjisi Üretimi (Yenilenebilir Kaynaklar Dahil, Fotovoltaikler Hariç)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

22 Haziran 2026

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

20 Nisan 2026

Kabul Tarihi

31 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Akkaya Oy, S., & Çavuş, B. (2026). Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 14(2), 952-965. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1934359
AMA
1.Akkaya Oy S, Çavuş B. Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves. GUJS Part C. 2026;14(2):952-965. doi:10.29109/gujsc.1934359
Chicago
Akkaya Oy, Sibel, ve Birol Çavuş. 2026. “Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves”. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji 14 (2): 952-65. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1934359.
EndNote
Akkaya Oy S, Çavuş B (01 Haziran 2026) Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji 14 2 952–965.
IEEE
[1]S. Akkaya Oy ve B. Çavuş, “Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves”, GUJS Part C, c. 14, sy 2, ss. 952–965, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.29109/gujsc.1934359.
ISNAD
Akkaya Oy, Sibel - Çavuş, Birol. “Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves”. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji 14/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 952-965. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1934359.
JAMA
1.Akkaya Oy S, Çavuş B. Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves. GUJS Part C. 2026;14:952–965.
MLA
Akkaya Oy, Sibel, ve Birol Çavuş. “Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves”. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, c. 14, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 952-65, doi:10.29109/gujsc.1934359.
Vancouver
1.Sibel Akkaya Oy, Birol Çavuş. Parametric Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electromagnetic–Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvesting System for Low-Amplitude Ocean Waves. GUJS Part C. 01 Haziran 2026;14(2):952-65. doi:10.29109/gujsc.1934359

                                     16168      16167     16166     21432        logo.png   


    e-ISSN:2147-9526