3B Yazıcıların Kemik Doku İskeleleri Tasarımına Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 25.03.2021

Deniz Ekmekçioğlu Ceren Pekşen

https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.812235

Öz

Kemik doku iskelelerinin tasarımı gelişen teknoloji ve üretim metodları ile değişmekte ve gelişmektedir. Tasarım ihtiyaçlarından bir tanesi olan dejeneratif hastalıklar sonucu ortaya çıkan osteoporoz nedeni ile kemik dokusu deformasyonu ve kaybı gibi kemik patolojileri, yaşamın kalitesini ve yaşam standartlarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle kemik rejenerasyonu için üç boyutlu biyoaktif kemik doku iskelelerinin geliştirilmesi, doku mühendisliği alanında büyük önem kazanmıştır. Kemik doku yapısının başarılı bir biçimde taklit edilebilmesinde kemik doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için tasarlanan biyomalzemelerde polimerler ve biyoaktif seramikler kullanılmaktadırlar. Hidroksiapatit (HA) ve biyoaktif camlar ile üretilmiş kemik doku iskeleleri yüksek biyouyumluluğa ve kemik dokusuna bağlanma özelliğine sahip olduğundan dolayı kemik rejenerasyonu için klinik potansiyele sahiptir. Ancak kemik dokusuna benzer gözenekli olarak tasarlanan HA ve biyoaktif cam kemik doku iskelelerin mekanik özellikleri özellikle yük taşıyan uygulamalar için uygun değildir. Mekanik özellikleri iyileştirmek amacıyla seramik, metal, polimer ve cam gibi ikincil fazların ilavesiyle HA bazlı kompozitler üretilmektedir. Kemik iskelesi üretiminde baskı prensipleri ve malzeme seçimine göre stereolitografi, toz tabakalı füzyon, malzeme ekstrüzyonu, binder jetleme ve üç boyutlu (3B) yazıcı ile şekillendirme gibi çeşitli yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. Geleneksel yöntemler; gözenek boyutu, geometrisi ve birbirine bağlılığı üzerinde sınırlı kontrol imkânı sunmaktadır. Ancak 3B yazıcı teknolojileri geliştikçe, kemik mikro mimarisini kontrol edilebilme becerisinde ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

3B yazıcı, Biyoseramikler, Tasarım, Kemik Doku İskelesi

Kaynakça

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