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Üretimden Bağımsız Tarımsal Destekler Üretimi ve Ticareti Nasıl Etkiler?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 33, 43 - 53, 29.09.2023

Erdem Bulut

Öz

Tarımsal destekler dünya genelinde önemli bir tartışma konusudur. Bunun nedeni, özellikle üretime bağımlı desteklerin oluşturduğu arz fazlasının iç ve dış piyasada yarattığı bozucu etkilerdir. Nitekim bu etkinin sonucu olarak küresel ticaret ile küresel refah önemli derecede daralmaktadır. 1995 yılında imzalan Tarım Anlaşması ile tarımsal desteklerin üretim etkisini sınırlamak için gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler üretimden bağımsız desteklere yönelmiştir. Amaç, tarımsal desteklerin üretimi ve ticareti ya hiç etkilememesi ya da çok az etkilemesidir. Ancak üretimden bağımsız desteklerin üretim etkisine yönelik özellikle son dönemde yapılan çalışmalar, bu tür desteklerin üretimi önemli derecede etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Dünya Ticaret Örgütü bünyesinde devam eden yeni tur müzakerelerin en ihtilaflı konularından birini oluşturan üretimden bağımsız destekler ile bu desteklerin üretim etkisine ışık tutmaktadır. Çalışmanın odak noktası, üretimden bağımsız desteklerin üretimi hangi kanallar aracılığıyla nasıl etkilediğini göstermektir. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda, çok taraflı ticaret müzakerelerinin taraflarından biri olan Türkiye’nin tarımsal destekleme politikaları için farklı bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dünya Ticaret Örgütü Tarım Anlaşması tarımsal destekleme politikası üretimden bağımsız destekler

Kaynakça

  • Acar, M. ve Bulut E. (2009), “Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Tarımsal Destekleme Politikalarında Son Gelişmeler”, Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(17), 1-19.
  • Achterbosch, T. ve Roza P. (2007), Diversity of Impact: Agricultural Trade Liberalisation, Poverty and Development, The Agricultural Economics Research Institute.
  • Ahearn, C.M., El-Osta, H. ve Dewbre, J. (2006), “The Impact of Coupled and Decoupled Government Subsidies on Off-Farm Labor Participation of U.S. Farm Operators”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 88(2), 393- 408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2006.00866.x
  • Ahearn, C.M., Harrington, D., Hoppe, R. ve Korb, P. (2004), Decoupled and Coupled Payments Alter Household Labor Allocation, M.E. Burfisher ve J. Hopkins içinde “Decoupled Payments in a Changing Policy Setting”, s. 25-32, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report No. 838.
  • Andersson, C.A.F. (2004), Decoupling: The Concept and Past Experiences, Swedish Institute for Food and Agricultural Economics.
  • Baffes, J. ve de Gorter, H. (2005), Experience with Decoupling Agricultural Support, A. Aksoy ve J.C. Beghin içinde “Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries”, s. 75-90, World Bank.
  • Baldoni, E. ve Ciaian P. (2021), The Capitalisation of CAP Subsidies into Land Rents and Land Values in the EU: An Econometric Analysis, European Commission JRC Technical Report.
  • Banga, R. (2016), Impact of Green Box Subsidies on Agricultural Productivity, Production and International Trade, International Trade Working Paper 2016/13, Commonwealth Secretariat, London. https://doi. org/10.14217/5jm0zbqzszbs-en
  • Bulut, E. ve Aslan, C. (2022), “Do Livestock Supports Increase Livestock Production? Province Based Panel ARDL Analysis for Turkey Example”, New Medit, 3, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.30682/nm2203b
  • Bulut, E. ve Bayraktar, Y. (2023), “Do Agricultural Supports Affect Production? A Panel ARDL Analysis of Turkey”, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(1), 249-261. https:// doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.988246
  • Ciaian, P., Kancs, D. ve Espinosa, M. (2018), “The Impact of the 2013 CAP Reform on the Decoupled Payments’ Capitalisation into Land Values”, Journal of Agricultural Economics, 69(2), 306-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477- 9552.12253
  • Clapp, J. (2006), “WTO Agriculture Negotiations: Implications for the Global South”, Third World Quarterly, 27(4), 563-577. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590600720728
  • Coble, H.K., Miller, C.J. ve Hudson, D.M. (2008), “Decoupled Farm Payments and Expectations for Base Updating”, Review of Agricultural Economics, 30(1), 27-42. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2007.00390.x
  • De Soto, H. (2005), Sermayenin Sırrı, (Çev. Murat Aygen), Liman Yayınları.
  • Diao, X., Silver, J. ve Takeshima, H. (2016), Agricultural Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation, African Center for Economic Transformation.
  • European Commission (2011), Evaluation of Effects of Direct Support on Farmers’ Income Common Agricultural Policy Evaluations, Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development.
  • Fabienne, F., Gohin, A. ve Carpentier, A. (2008), The Decoupling of Farm Programs: Revisiting the Wealth Effect. 108. European Association of Agricultural Economists Seminar. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aap029
  • Galtier, F., Vindel, B. ve Timmer, P. (2013), Managing Food Price Instability in Developing Countries: A Critical Analysis of Strategies and Instruments, Agence Française de Développement.
  • Hennessy, A.D. (1998), “The Production Effects of Agricultural Income Support Policies under Uncertainty”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 80(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.2307/3180267
  • IMF, OECD, WTO, WB (2008), Subsidies, Trade, and International Cooperation, Washington.
  • İKV (2006), Avrupa Birliği Ortak Tarım Politikası Reformları, İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Yayınları No. 193. https://doi. org/10.30875/9789287072306
  • Kazukauskas, A., Newman, C. ve Sauer, J. (2014), “The Impact of Decoupled Subsidies on Productivity in Agriculture: A Cross-Country Analysis Using Microdata”, Agricultural Economics, 45, 327-336. https://doi. org/10.1111/agec.12068
  • Laborde, D., Mamun, A., Martin W., Pineiro, V. ve Vos, R. (2020), Modeling the Impacts of Agricultural Support Policies on Emissions from Agriculture, NBER Working Paper Series. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27202
  • Moschini, G. ve Hennessy, A.D. (2001), Uncertainty, Risk Aversion, and Risk Management for Agricultural Producers, içinde “Handbook of Agricultural Economics”, 1(A), s. 87- 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(01)10005-8.
  • O’Toole, C. ve Hennessy, T. (2015), “Do Decoupled Payments Affect Investment Financing Constraints? Evidence from Irish Agriculture”, Food Policy, 56: 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.004.
  • OECD (2000), Decoupling: A Conceptual Overview, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art37-en
  • OECD (2005), Decoupling-Policy Implications, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art38-en
  • Rickard, J.S. (2012), “Welfare versus Subsidies: Governmental Spending Decisions in an Era of Globalization”, The Journal of Politics, 74(4), 1171-1183. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022381612000680
  • Roe, T., Somwaru, A. ve Diao, X. (2003), Do Direct Payments Have Inter-Temporal Effects on U.S. Agriculture? C.B. Moss ve A. Schmitz içinde “Government Policy and Farmland Markets”, s. 115-139, Iowa State University Press. https:// doi.org/10.1002/9780470384992.ch7
  • Sarris, A. (2016). Financial Needs and Tools for Agricultural Development and Transformation Pertinent to Low-Income, Food-Insecure Countries, Fondation Pour Les Etudes Et Recherches Sur Le Développement International, Working Paper No. 152. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40790- 6_6
  • Singh, S.P. (2004). Post WTO Era: Impact on Export Prospects of Livestock Products, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
  • Singla, S. ve Sagar, M. (2012), “Integrated Risk Management in Agriculture: An Inductive Research”, The Journal of Risk Finance, 13(3), 199-214. https://doi. org/10.1108/15265941211229235
  • Tarım Anlaşması (1995), https://www.wto.org/english/ docs_e/legal_e/14-ag_01_e.htm (Erişim tarihi: 10.08.2023).
  • Tokarick, S. (2003), Measuring the Impact of Distortions in Agricultural Trade in Partial and General Equilibrium, IMF Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.879186
  • Westcott, C.P. ve Young, C.E. (2004), Farm Program Effects on Agricultural Production: Coupled and Decoupled Programs, M.E. Burfisher ve J. Hopkins içinde “Decoupled Payments in a Changing Policy Setting”, s. 7-17, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report No. 838.
  • WTO (2016), The WTO Agreements Series: Agriculture, Geneva. https://doi.org/10.30875/57167ad4-en

How Do Decoupled Agricultural Supports Affect Production and Trade?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 33, 43 - 53, 29.09.2023

Erdem Bulut

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Acar, M. ve Bulut E. (2009), “Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Tarımsal Destekleme Politikalarında Son Gelişmeler”, Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(17), 1-19.
  • Achterbosch, T. ve Roza P. (2007), Diversity of Impact: Agricultural Trade Liberalisation, Poverty and Development, The Agricultural Economics Research Institute.
  • Ahearn, C.M., El-Osta, H. ve Dewbre, J. (2006), “The Impact of Coupled and Decoupled Government Subsidies on Off-Farm Labor Participation of U.S. Farm Operators”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 88(2), 393- 408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2006.00866.x
  • Ahearn, C.M., Harrington, D., Hoppe, R. ve Korb, P. (2004), Decoupled and Coupled Payments Alter Household Labor Allocation, M.E. Burfisher ve J. Hopkins içinde “Decoupled Payments in a Changing Policy Setting”, s. 25-32, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report No. 838.
  • Andersson, C.A.F. (2004), Decoupling: The Concept and Past Experiences, Swedish Institute for Food and Agricultural Economics.
  • Baffes, J. ve de Gorter, H. (2005), Experience with Decoupling Agricultural Support, A. Aksoy ve J.C. Beghin içinde “Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries”, s. 75-90, World Bank.
  • Baldoni, E. ve Ciaian P. (2021), The Capitalisation of CAP Subsidies into Land Rents and Land Values in the EU: An Econometric Analysis, European Commission JRC Technical Report.
  • Banga, R. (2016), Impact of Green Box Subsidies on Agricultural Productivity, Production and International Trade, International Trade Working Paper 2016/13, Commonwealth Secretariat, London. https://doi. org/10.14217/5jm0zbqzszbs-en
  • Bulut, E. ve Aslan, C. (2022), “Do Livestock Supports Increase Livestock Production? Province Based Panel ARDL Analysis for Turkey Example”, New Medit, 3, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.30682/nm2203b
  • Bulut, E. ve Bayraktar, Y. (2023), “Do Agricultural Supports Affect Production? A Panel ARDL Analysis of Turkey”, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(1), 249-261. https:// doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.988246
  • Ciaian, P., Kancs, D. ve Espinosa, M. (2018), “The Impact of the 2013 CAP Reform on the Decoupled Payments’ Capitalisation into Land Values”, Journal of Agricultural Economics, 69(2), 306-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477- 9552.12253
  • Clapp, J. (2006), “WTO Agriculture Negotiations: Implications for the Global South”, Third World Quarterly, 27(4), 563-577. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590600720728
  • Coble, H.K., Miller, C.J. ve Hudson, D.M. (2008), “Decoupled Farm Payments and Expectations for Base Updating”, Review of Agricultural Economics, 30(1), 27-42. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2007.00390.x
  • De Soto, H. (2005), Sermayenin Sırrı, (Çev. Murat Aygen), Liman Yayınları.
  • Diao, X., Silver, J. ve Takeshima, H. (2016), Agricultural Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation, African Center for Economic Transformation.
  • European Commission (2011), Evaluation of Effects of Direct Support on Farmers’ Income Common Agricultural Policy Evaluations, Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development.
  • Fabienne, F., Gohin, A. ve Carpentier, A. (2008), The Decoupling of Farm Programs: Revisiting the Wealth Effect. 108. European Association of Agricultural Economists Seminar. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aap029
  • Galtier, F., Vindel, B. ve Timmer, P. (2013), Managing Food Price Instability in Developing Countries: A Critical Analysis of Strategies and Instruments, Agence Française de Développement.
  • Hennessy, A.D. (1998), “The Production Effects of Agricultural Income Support Policies under Uncertainty”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 80(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.2307/3180267
  • IMF, OECD, WTO, WB (2008), Subsidies, Trade, and International Cooperation, Washington.
  • İKV (2006), Avrupa Birliği Ortak Tarım Politikası Reformları, İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Yayınları No. 193. https://doi. org/10.30875/9789287072306
  • Kazukauskas, A., Newman, C. ve Sauer, J. (2014), “The Impact of Decoupled Subsidies on Productivity in Agriculture: A Cross-Country Analysis Using Microdata”, Agricultural Economics, 45, 327-336. https://doi. org/10.1111/agec.12068
  • Laborde, D., Mamun, A., Martin W., Pineiro, V. ve Vos, R. (2020), Modeling the Impacts of Agricultural Support Policies on Emissions from Agriculture, NBER Working Paper Series. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27202
  • Moschini, G. ve Hennessy, A.D. (2001), Uncertainty, Risk Aversion, and Risk Management for Agricultural Producers, içinde “Handbook of Agricultural Economics”, 1(A), s. 87- 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(01)10005-8.
  • O’Toole, C. ve Hennessy, T. (2015), “Do Decoupled Payments Affect Investment Financing Constraints? Evidence from Irish Agriculture”, Food Policy, 56: 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.004.
  • OECD (2000), Decoupling: A Conceptual Overview, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art37-en
  • OECD (2005), Decoupling-Policy Implications, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/oecd_papers-v5-art38-en
  • Rickard, J.S. (2012), “Welfare versus Subsidies: Governmental Spending Decisions in an Era of Globalization”, The Journal of Politics, 74(4), 1171-1183. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022381612000680
  • Roe, T., Somwaru, A. ve Diao, X. (2003), Do Direct Payments Have Inter-Temporal Effects on U.S. Agriculture? C.B. Moss ve A. Schmitz içinde “Government Policy and Farmland Markets”, s. 115-139, Iowa State University Press. https:// doi.org/10.1002/9780470384992.ch7
  • Sarris, A. (2016). Financial Needs and Tools for Agricultural Development and Transformation Pertinent to Low-Income, Food-Insecure Countries, Fondation Pour Les Etudes Et Recherches Sur Le Développement International, Working Paper No. 152. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40790- 6_6
  • Singh, S.P. (2004). Post WTO Era: Impact on Export Prospects of Livestock Products, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
  • Singla, S. ve Sagar, M. (2012), “Integrated Risk Management in Agriculture: An Inductive Research”, The Journal of Risk Finance, 13(3), 199-214. https://doi. org/10.1108/15265941211229235
  • Tarım Anlaşması (1995), https://www.wto.org/english/ docs_e/legal_e/14-ag_01_e.htm (Erişim tarihi: 10.08.2023).
  • Tokarick, S. (2003), Measuring the Impact of Distortions in Agricultural Trade in Partial and General Equilibrium, IMF Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.879186
  • Westcott, C.P. ve Young, C.E. (2004), Farm Program Effects on Agricultural Production: Coupled and Decoupled Programs, M.E. Burfisher ve J. Hopkins içinde “Decoupled Payments in a Changing Policy Setting”, s. 7-17, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report No. 838.
  • WTO (2016), The WTO Agreements Series: Agriculture, Geneva. https://doi.org/10.30875/57167ad4-en
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Maliye Politikası
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Erdem Bulut 0000-0001-6383-2849

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 33

Kaynak Göster

APA Bulut, E. (2023). Üretimden Bağımsız Tarımsal Destekler Üretimi ve Ticareti Nasıl Etkiler?. Gümrük Ve Ticaret Dergisi, 10(33), 43-53.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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