Azerbaycan'ın Yeşil Ekonomiye Geçişe Hazırlığının Değerlendirilmesi: "Yeşil Gümrük" Kavramının Hukuki Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 37, 46 - 56, 04.03.2025

Sevil Haziyeva

https://doi.org/10.70490/gumrukticaretdergisi.1556767

Öz

Önceki yıl Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti, prestijli uluslararası iklim etkinliği olan COP29’a ev sahipliği yaparken eş zamanlı olarak 2024 yılını “Yeşil Dünya için Dayanışma Yılı” olarak ilan etmiştir. Bu önemli gelişmeler, özellikle ithalata bağımlı ekonomisi çerçevesinde Azerbaycan’ın gümrük uygulamalarının yeşil ekonomiye geçişi kolaylaştırma düzeyine ilişkin kritik bir soruyu gündeme getirmektedir: Azerbaycan’ın gümrük mevzuatı, yeşil ekonomiye geçişi desteklemeye ne ölçüde hazırdır? Bu çalışma, Azerbaycan gümrük otoritelerinin yeşil ekonomi ilkeleriyle uyum sağlama çabalarını incelemektedir. Mevcut çerçevenin avantajları ve sınırlılıkları ele alınarak, Dünya Gümrük Örgütü tarafından geliştirilen Yeşil Gümrükler Eylem Planı kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilecektir. Bu plan, üye ülkeler için metodolojik rehberlik sağlamakta olup, çalışma Azerbaycan’daki mevcut gümrük uygulamalarının bu plana ne ölçüde uyum sağladığını analiz edecektir. Ayrıca, makale Azerbaycan’ın 2030 yılına kadar gerçekleştirmeyi hedeflediği Ulusal Kalkınma Önceliklerini değerlendirmekte ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı desteklemek için gümrük otoritelerinin atması gereken adımları ortaya koymaktadır. Son olarak, mevcut Azerbaycan mevzuatı ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenerek “Yeşil Gümrükler” sürecini ilerletmek için gerekli eylemler belirlenmekte ve bölgesel iş birliği için potansiyel fırsatlar önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gümrük, COP 29, Yeşil Ekonomi, Çok Taraflı Çevre Anlaşmaları, Yenilenebilir Enerji

Assessing Azerbaijan's Preparedness for Transitioning to a Green Economy: A Legal Analysis of the "Green Customs" Concept

Öz

In the previous year, the Republic of Azerbaijan hosted the prestigious international climate event - COP29 while simultaneously designating 2024 as the "Year of Solidarity for the Green World." These significant milestones prompt an essential inquiry into the preparedness of Azerbaijan's customs practices, particularly in its import-dependent economy: to what extent are Azerbaijan's customs regulations ready to facilitate a transition towards a “green” economy? This study examines the efforts made by Azerbaijan's customs authorities to align with green economic principles. It will look at the advantages and limitations of the current framework and conduct a comprehensive review of the Green Customs Action Plan developed by the World Customs Organization. The plan provides methodological guidance to member countries, and this study will scrutinize how well current customs practices in Azerbaijan adhere to this plan. In addition, the article assesses Azerbaijan's National Development Priorities to be accomplished by 2030 and outlines the steps customs authorities need to take to support sustainable development. Finally, the article thoroughly reviews current Azerbaijani legislation, outlining the necessary actions to progress "Green Customs" and suggesting potential opportunities for regional collaboration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Customs, COP 29, Green Economy, Multilateral Environmental Agreements, Renewable Energy

Kaynakça

• "Law on the Use of Renewable Energy Sources in the Production of Electricity" of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2021). https://e-qanun.az/framework/47842. Date: 25.11.2024.
• “Law on Waste” of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1998). https://e-qanun.az/framework/3186. Date: 25.10.2024.
• Act on Recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles. (2002). https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/mono_info_ service/mono/automobile/automobile_recycle/law_notice/pdf/english.pdf. Date: 25.10.2024.
• Alpenberg, j & Wnuk-Pel, T. (2022). Sustainable strategy implementation in Växjö Municipality, Sweden. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652622030839. Date: 25.10.2024.
• Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (1998). On rates of customs duties for export-import operations in the Republic of Azerbaijan. https://e-qanun.az/framework/2762. Date: 23.11.2024.
• Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2012). Rules for using the electronic information system of customs authorities. https://e-qanun.az/framework/24082. Date: 24.11.2024.
• Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2022). On amending the "Nomenclature of goods of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Azerbaijan, rates of import customs duties and rates of export customs duties" approved by Resolution No. 500 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated November 17, 2017. https://e-qanun.az/framework/52727. Date: 24.10.2024.
• Center for Strategic and International Studies. (2021). Environmental Goods Agreement: A new frontier or an old stalemate? https://www.csis.org/analysis/environmental-goods-agreement-new-frontier-or-old-stalemate. Date: 24.10.2024.
• Commission on the Business Environment and International Ratings. (2023). Stimulating and promoting the use of environmentally friendly vehicles. https://azranking.az/public/images/ file_24.02.2023_5.pdf. Date: 24.11.2024.
• Customs Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2011). https://e-qanun.az/framework/46957. Date: 25.10.2024.
• Decision CP.29 (2024). Poznan strategic program on technology transfer. https://unfccc.int/sit es/default/files/resource/cop29_auv_COP%20agenda%20item%202f_PSP.pdf. Date: 06.02.2025.
• Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2021). Azerbaijan 2030: National priorities for socio-economic development. https://e-qanun.az/framework/46813. Date: 25.11.2024.
• Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2021). On measures related to creating a "green energy" zone in the territories freed from the occupation of the Republic of Azerbaijan. https://e-qanun.az/framework/47397. Date: 24.11.2024.
• Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2023). On approval of the Agreement on cooperation in environmental protection between the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Government of the State of Israel. https://e-qanun.az/framework/54309. Date: 24.11.2024.
• Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2023). On approval of the Agreement on cooperation in the field of environmental protection between the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. https://e- qanun.az/framework/54534. Date: 24.11.2024.
• Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2023). On approval of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco on cooperation in the fields of environment and sustainable development. https://e-qanun.az/framework/55858. Date: 25.10.2024.
• Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2024). On the establishment of the Organizing Committee in connection with the 29th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP29), the 19th session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, and the 6th session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement. https://e-qanun.az/framework/56058. Date: 25.11.2024.
• European Commission, Directorate-General for Climate Action (2024). What is the EU ETS? An official website of the European Union. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/what-eu-ets_en. Date: 06.02.2025.
• European Commission, Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union (2025). Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. An official website of the European Union. https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism_en. Date: 06.02.2025.
• European Parliament. (2000). Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of-life vehicles. Official Journal of the European Communities. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:02fa83cf-bf28-4afc-8f9f-eb201bd61813.0005.02/DOC_1&format=PDF. Date: 24.11.2024.
• Garabagh Declaration of the Informal Summit of the Organization of Turkic States (2024). https://www.turkicstates.org/u/d/temel_belgeler/garabagh-declaration.pdf. Date 07.02.2025.
• Qin, J. (2023). WCO Green Customs Strategy. World Customs Organization. https://www.carecprogram.org/uploads/Session-2_Jiabin-Qin_Green-Customs_ENG.pdf. Date: 23.11.2024.
• Srinivas, H. (1999). Cities, Environmental Management Systems, and ISO 14001: A View from Japan. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228604565. Date: 24.11.2024.
• State Customs Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2023). Sample internal disciplinary rules of the customs bodies of the Republic of Azerbaijan. https://customs.gov.az/uploads/ legislation/944/de7a63b478ad651c91f3e9389e978e71.pdf?v=1709640790. Date: 24.11.2024.
• State Customs Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2022). 2022 chronicles. https://customs.gov.az/uploads/international/2022/2022.pdf?v=1675167171. Date: 24.11.2024.
• State Customs Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2023). Single Automated Management System (VAIS). https://customs.gov.az/en/faydali/innovativ-layiheler/vais. Date: 25.11.2024.
• State Customs Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2024). Green Customs initiative event was held. https://customs.gov.az/az/faydali/xeberler/4027. Date: 25.10.2024.
• State Customs Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2024). Rules and forms for applying the system of general risk management in the field of customs work and the system of risk management in the system of customs authorities. (2024). Appendix 3. https://e-qanun.az/framework/57584. Date: 25.10.2024.
• Tax Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2001). https://e-qanun.az/framework/46948. Date: 25.10.2024.
• Urban Environmental Management. (2015). What exactly is ISO 14001? https://www.gdrc.org /uem/iso14001/intro.html. Date: 24.11.2024.
• Watson, K.J. (2018). You Can't Teach What You Don't Know and You Can't Lead Where You Won't Go: Professional Development as Artists for Elementary Educators. Scholars Archive. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6734. Date: 24.11.2024.
• WCO Council Session. (2023). Outcomes of the 2023 WCO Council Sessions: Election of a new WCO Secretary General and Chairperson of the WCO Council. https://www.wcoomd.org/en/ media/newsroom/2023/june/outcomes-of-the-2023-wco-council-sessions.aspx. Date: 25.10.2024.
• WCO. (2014). Environmental Goods Agreement. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/ envir_e/ega_e.htm. Date: 24.11.2024.
• WCO. (2023). Green Customs Action Plan (Public version). https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/key-issues/green-customs/gcap-public.pdf?la=zh-CN. Date: 25.10.2024.
• World Bank Group (2023). Azerbaijan - Report on the country's climate and development. World Bank Publications. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112723163519124/pdf/P17 90480e1dc1b01c0a48301909df4d8d4c.pdf. Date: 06.02.2025.