Araştırma Makalesi
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Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Yüksek Teknoloji Ürün İhracatına Etkisi: AB’ye Üye Geçiş Ekonomileri ve Türkiye Analizi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 767 - 781, 25.10.2020

Öz

Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknoloji ürün ihracatı üzerinde meydana getirdiği etkiler özellikle son on yıldır ekonomi çevrelerinin dikkatini çeken bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Ar-Ge faaliyetlerinin yüksek teknoloji ürün ihracatı üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Geçiş ekonomileri olarak da adlandırılan ve AB’ye üye olan 10 ülke (Bulgaristan, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Hırvatistan, Macaristan, Polonya, Romanya, Slovakya, Estonya, Letonya, Litvanya) ile birlik dışında bulunan Türkiye, çalışmanın ülke grubunu oluşturmaktadır. 2007-2017 yılları arası dönemin analiz edildiği çalışmada panel veri ekonometrisinden yararlanılmıştır. GSYH, yatırım özgürlüğü, Ar-Ge harcamaları, eğitim düzeyi, bilim ve teknoloji alanında istihdam edilen beşeri sermaye gibi değişkenlerde meydana gelen artışların yüksek teknoloji ürün ihracatını pozitif yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, ülke hükümetleri tarafından geliştirilecek olan ve özellikle yapısal reformlar olarak da adlandırılan her türlü iyileştirmenin teknolojinin gelişmesine olumlu katkı yapacağı ve bu şekilde yüksek teknoloji ürün ihracatının arttırılarak ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyine pozitif etki edeceğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alemu, A.M. (2013). “The Nexus Between Technological Infrastructure And Export Competitiveness of High-Tech Products İn East Asian Economies”. Journal of Economic Development, Management, IT, Finance and Marketing, 5(1), 14-26.
  • Archibugi, D. ve Coco, A. (2004). “A New Indicator of Technological Capabilities For Developed and Developing Countries (Arco)”. World Development, 32(4), 629–654.
  • Baltagi, B. H., ve P. X. Wu. (1999). “Unequally Spaced Panel Data Regressions With Ar(1)”. Disturbances. Econometric Theory, 15, 814–823.
  • Baltagi, B., H. (2001). Econometric Analysis Of Panel Data. Newyork: Jhon Wiley
  • Belay, S. (2004). “The Role of Factor Conditions in High-Technology Exports: An Empirical Examination”. Journal of High Technology Management Research, Sayı.15,145–162.
  • Belay, S. (2005). “Determinants of Levels of High Technology Exports An Empirical Investigation. Advances in Competitiveness Research”, 13(1), 64-79.
  • Bohnstedt, A., Schwarz, C. ve Suedekum, J. (2012). “Globalization And Strategic Research İnvestments”. Research Policy, 41,13–23.
  • Braunerhjelm, P. ve Thulin, P. (2008). “Can Countries Create Comparative Advantages? R&D Expenditures, High-Tech Exports And Country Size İn 19 Oecd Countries: 1981–1999”. International Economic Journal, 22(1), 95–111.
  • Fagerberg, J. (1995). “Is There A Large-Country Advantage İn Hightech?”, NUPI Working Paper No.526.
  • Fu, D., Wu, Y. ve Tang, Y. (2011). “Does Innovation Matter For Chinese High-Tech Exports? A Firm-Level Analysis”. https://Ideas.Repec.Org/A/Fec/Journl/V7y2012i2p218-245.Html, (Erişim 08.02.2018).
  • Gani, A. (2009). “Technological Achievement, High Technology Exports And Growth”. Journal of Comparative International Management, 12(2), 31-47.
  • Ismail, N. W. (2013). “Innovation And High-Tech Trade İn Asian Countries. International Conference On Recent Developments İn Asian Trade Policy And Integration”. https://www.Nottingham.Ac.Uk/Gep/Documents/Conferences/2013/Malaysia-Conference/Normaz-Wana-İsmail.Pdf. (erişim 10.02.2018).
  • Kılıç, C., Bayar Y. ve Özekicioğlu, H. (2014), “Araştırma Geliştirme Harcamalarının Yüksek Teknoloji Ürün İhracatı Üzerindeki Etkisi: G–8 Ülkeleri İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi”. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 44,115-130.
  • Le, Can. D. (1987). The Role of R&D in High Technology trade: an empirical analysis. Atlantic Economic Journal, 15(4), 32–77.
  • Le, T. ve Tang, K. K. (2015). Impacts of academic r&d on high-tech manufacturing products: tentative evidence from supercomputer data. Studies in Higher Education, 40(6), 957–971.
  • Liu, X. ve Buck T. (2007). Innovation performance and channels for ınternational technology spillovers: evidence from chinese high-tech industries. Research Policy, 36, 355–366.
  • Liu, X., Lu, J., Filatotchev, I., Buck T. ve Wright, M. (2010). Returnee entrepreneurs, knowledge spillovers and ınnovationi in high-tech firms in emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(7), 1183-1197.
  • Millman, C., Li, Z. ve Chi, R. (2012). Technology ımports, product exports and firms’ r&d ınvestment: an empirical analysis of firms in the chinese high technology sector. Prometheus, 30(2), 179-198.
  • Montobbıo, F. ve Rampa, F. (2005). The ımpact of technology and structural change on export performance in nine developing countries. World Development, 33(4), 527–547 . Özkan, G. ve Yılmaz H. (2017). Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknoloji ürün ihracatı ve kişi başı gelir üzerindeki etkileri: 12 ab ülkesi ve türkiye için uygulama (1996-2015). Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 12(1), 1-12.
  • Meo, S. A. ve Usmani, A.M. (2014). Impact of r&d expenditures on research publications, patents and high-tech exports among european countries. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 18, 1-9.
  • Sandu, S., Ciocanel, B. (2014). Impact of r&d and ınnovation on high - tech export. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 80–90.
  • Seringhaus, F. H. R. (1993). Comparative marketing behaviour of canadian and austrian high-tech exporters. MIR: Management International Review, 33(3), 247-269.
  • Srholec, M. (2005). High-Tech exports from developing countries: a symptom of technology spurts or statistical illusion. Review of World Economics, 143(2), 227-255.
  • Tatoğlu Y. F. (2012). Panel veri ekonometrisi. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık
  • Tebaldi, E. (2011). The determinants of high-technology exports: a panel data analysis. Atlantic Economic Journal, 39, 343–353.
  • Ustabaş, A. ve Ersin, Ö.Ö. (2016). The effects of r&d and high technology exports on economic growth: a comparative cointegration analysis for turkey and south korea. Internatıonal Conference on Eurasian Economies. 44-55.
  • Varum, C. A., Cibrão, B., Morgado, A. ve Costa, J. (2009). R&D, structural change and productivity: the role of high and medium-high technology industries. http://Ria.Ua.Pt/Bitstream/10773/6359/1/RD_Structural_Change_And_Productivity_-_The_Role_Of_High_And_Medium-High_Preprint.Pdf. (erişim 11.01.2018)
  • Wang, D., H-G., Yu, T., H-K. ve Liu, H-Q. (2013). heterogeneous effect of high-tech industrial r&d spending on economic growth. Journal of Business Research, 66, 1990-1993.
  • Zhang K.H. (2007). Determinants of complex exports: evidence from cross-country data for 1985-1998. Economia Internazionale / International Economics, 60(1), 111-122.

The Effect of R&D Expenses on High Technology Product Exports: Panel Data Analysis for Transition Economies That Are Member of The EU and Turkey

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 767 - 781, 25.10.2020

Öz

The impacts of R&D spending upon the exports of the high tech products have attracted attention of the economic circles in the recent decade. This study analyzes the effects of the R&D activities upon the exportation of the high tech products with reference to ten EU countries in transition (Bulgaria, Checzia, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) as well as Turkey for the period of 2007-2017 by relying on panel data econometrics. The study finds that any increase in the variables of GDP, investment liberty, R&D spending level of education and human capital employed in the research sector positively affects the exportation of high technology products. The findings show that improvement in the structural reforms have the potential of contributing to the high tech manufacturing in these countries and to the economic development of these nations.

Kaynakça

  • Alemu, A.M. (2013). “The Nexus Between Technological Infrastructure And Export Competitiveness of High-Tech Products İn East Asian Economies”. Journal of Economic Development, Management, IT, Finance and Marketing, 5(1), 14-26.
  • Archibugi, D. ve Coco, A. (2004). “A New Indicator of Technological Capabilities For Developed and Developing Countries (Arco)”. World Development, 32(4), 629–654.
  • Baltagi, B. H., ve P. X. Wu. (1999). “Unequally Spaced Panel Data Regressions With Ar(1)”. Disturbances. Econometric Theory, 15, 814–823.
  • Baltagi, B., H. (2001). Econometric Analysis Of Panel Data. Newyork: Jhon Wiley
  • Belay, S. (2004). “The Role of Factor Conditions in High-Technology Exports: An Empirical Examination”. Journal of High Technology Management Research, Sayı.15,145–162.
  • Belay, S. (2005). “Determinants of Levels of High Technology Exports An Empirical Investigation. Advances in Competitiveness Research”, 13(1), 64-79.
  • Bohnstedt, A., Schwarz, C. ve Suedekum, J. (2012). “Globalization And Strategic Research İnvestments”. Research Policy, 41,13–23.
  • Braunerhjelm, P. ve Thulin, P. (2008). “Can Countries Create Comparative Advantages? R&D Expenditures, High-Tech Exports And Country Size İn 19 Oecd Countries: 1981–1999”. International Economic Journal, 22(1), 95–111.
  • Fagerberg, J. (1995). “Is There A Large-Country Advantage İn Hightech?”, NUPI Working Paper No.526.
  • Fu, D., Wu, Y. ve Tang, Y. (2011). “Does Innovation Matter For Chinese High-Tech Exports? A Firm-Level Analysis”. https://Ideas.Repec.Org/A/Fec/Journl/V7y2012i2p218-245.Html, (Erişim 08.02.2018).
  • Gani, A. (2009). “Technological Achievement, High Technology Exports And Growth”. Journal of Comparative International Management, 12(2), 31-47.
  • Ismail, N. W. (2013). “Innovation And High-Tech Trade İn Asian Countries. International Conference On Recent Developments İn Asian Trade Policy And Integration”. https://www.Nottingham.Ac.Uk/Gep/Documents/Conferences/2013/Malaysia-Conference/Normaz-Wana-İsmail.Pdf. (erişim 10.02.2018).
  • Kılıç, C., Bayar Y. ve Özekicioğlu, H. (2014), “Araştırma Geliştirme Harcamalarının Yüksek Teknoloji Ürün İhracatı Üzerindeki Etkisi: G–8 Ülkeleri İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi”. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 44,115-130.
  • Le, Can. D. (1987). The Role of R&D in High Technology trade: an empirical analysis. Atlantic Economic Journal, 15(4), 32–77.
  • Le, T. ve Tang, K. K. (2015). Impacts of academic r&d on high-tech manufacturing products: tentative evidence from supercomputer data. Studies in Higher Education, 40(6), 957–971.
  • Liu, X. ve Buck T. (2007). Innovation performance and channels for ınternational technology spillovers: evidence from chinese high-tech industries. Research Policy, 36, 355–366.
  • Liu, X., Lu, J., Filatotchev, I., Buck T. ve Wright, M. (2010). Returnee entrepreneurs, knowledge spillovers and ınnovationi in high-tech firms in emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(7), 1183-1197.
  • Millman, C., Li, Z. ve Chi, R. (2012). Technology ımports, product exports and firms’ r&d ınvestment: an empirical analysis of firms in the chinese high technology sector. Prometheus, 30(2), 179-198.
  • Montobbıo, F. ve Rampa, F. (2005). The ımpact of technology and structural change on export performance in nine developing countries. World Development, 33(4), 527–547 . Özkan, G. ve Yılmaz H. (2017). Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknoloji ürün ihracatı ve kişi başı gelir üzerindeki etkileri: 12 ab ülkesi ve türkiye için uygulama (1996-2015). Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 12(1), 1-12.
  • Meo, S. A. ve Usmani, A.M. (2014). Impact of r&d expenditures on research publications, patents and high-tech exports among european countries. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 18, 1-9.
  • Sandu, S., Ciocanel, B. (2014). Impact of r&d and ınnovation on high - tech export. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 80–90.
  • Seringhaus, F. H. R. (1993). Comparative marketing behaviour of canadian and austrian high-tech exporters. MIR: Management International Review, 33(3), 247-269.
  • Srholec, M. (2005). High-Tech exports from developing countries: a symptom of technology spurts or statistical illusion. Review of World Economics, 143(2), 227-255.
  • Tatoğlu Y. F. (2012). Panel veri ekonometrisi. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık
  • Tebaldi, E. (2011). The determinants of high-technology exports: a panel data analysis. Atlantic Economic Journal, 39, 343–353.
  • Ustabaş, A. ve Ersin, Ö.Ö. (2016). The effects of r&d and high technology exports on economic growth: a comparative cointegration analysis for turkey and south korea. Internatıonal Conference on Eurasian Economies. 44-55.
  • Varum, C. A., Cibrão, B., Morgado, A. ve Costa, J. (2009). R&D, structural change and productivity: the role of high and medium-high technology industries. http://Ria.Ua.Pt/Bitstream/10773/6359/1/RD_Structural_Change_And_Productivity_-_The_Role_Of_High_And_Medium-High_Preprint.Pdf. (erişim 11.01.2018)
  • Wang, D., H-G., Yu, T., H-K. ve Liu, H-Q. (2013). heterogeneous effect of high-tech industrial r&d spending on economic growth. Journal of Business Research, 66, 1990-1993.
  • Zhang K.H. (2007). Determinants of complex exports: evidence from cross-country data for 1985-1998. Economia Internazionale / International Economics, 60(1), 111-122.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Akyol 0000-0002-1173-200X

Selim Demez 0000-0001-6885-0499

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Akyol, M., & Demez, S. (2020). Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Yüksek Teknoloji Ürün İhracatına Etkisi: AB’ye Üye Geçiş Ekonomileri ve Türkiye Analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(3), 767-781. https://doi.org/10.36362/gumus.670386