Finansal Tabana Yayılmanın Belirleyicileri: Farklı Gelir Grubundaki Ülkeler İçin Bir Uygulama

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 1176 - 1197, 17.10.2022

Şeyma Yılmaz Küçük İsrafil Zor

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı dünya genelinde farklı gelir seviyelerinde bulunan ekonomiler için finansal tabana yayılmaya etki eden makro faktörleri belirlemektir. Makro faktörlerin finansal tabana yayılma üzerindeki etkisi 2010-2018 dönemi için panel regresyon analizi ile yüksek gelirli, üst-orta gelirli ve alt-orta gelirli ekonomiler için oluşturulan finansal erişim endeksi, finansal kullanım endeksi ve finansal tabana yayılma endeksi aracılığıyla araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular yüksek gelirli ekonomiler için kişi başına GSYİH’deki ve internet kullanan bireylerin oranındaki artışın finansal tabana yayılmayı olumlu etkilediğini göstermiştir. Üst-orta gelirli ekonomilerde internet kullanan bireylerin oranındaki ve mobil aboneliğe sahip olan bireylerin oranındaki artış finansal tabana yayılmayı artırmaktadır. Alt-orta gelirli ekonomiler için internet kullanan bireylerin oranındaki, mobil aboneliğe sahip olan bireylerin oranındaki, kişi başına GSYİH’deki ve nüfus artış hızındaki artışın finansal tabana yayılma üzerindeki olumlu etkisi belirlenmiştir. Enflasyonun üst-orta gelirli ve alt-orta gelirli ekonomilerde finansal tabana yayılmayı olumsuz etkilediği de belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finansal Tabana Yayılma, Makro Faktörler, Panel Regresyon Analizi

Determinants of Financial Inclusion: An Application for Countries in Different Income Groups

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the macro factors affecting financial inclusion for economies with different income levels around the World. The effect of macro factors on financial inclusion is investigated by panel regression analysis for the period 2010-2018 for high-income, upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income economies through the financial access index, financial usage index and financial inclusion index created. The findings reveal that the increase in GDP per capita and the proportion of individuals using internet positively affect the financial inclusion for high-income economies. In upper-middle income economies, the increase in the proportion of individuals using the internet and the proportion of individuals with mobile subscription increases the financial inclusion. The positive effect of the increase in the ratio of individuals using the internet, the ratio of individuals with mobile subscription, per capita GDP and the population growth rate on the financial inclusion is determined for lower-middle income economies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Financial Inclusion, Macro Factors, Panel Regression Analysis

Kaynakça

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