Araştırma Makalesi

Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading

Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3 3 Ağustos 2026
Hakan Aydın , Burak Aydın *, Deniz Tunç , Sedat Görmüş
PDF İndir
Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Kapak Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi
EN

Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading

Öz

Smart grid Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) requires scalable, reliable, and regulation-compliant wireless communication for periodic remote meter readings. Although IEEE 802.15.4-based 6TiSCH networks have been widely studied, most existing implementations operate in the congested 2.4 GHz band, where interference and limited indoor penetration constrain reliability. In this study, we propose and experimentally validate an ETSI EN 300 220 compliant 6TiSCH framework operating in the 868 MHz sub-GHz band. The proposed framework explicitly incorporates per-sub-band duty-cycle and Effective Radiated Power (ERP) limits into the 6TiSCH operation, introduces a link-quality- and distance-aware sub-band assignment mechanism, and selectively enables or disables frequency hopping according to a per-sub-band link-budget evaluation. The system is implemented on Contiki-NG and deployed on real IEEE 802.15.4g hardware using the CC1312R1-based Umote platform. A comparative two-device prototype evaluation against a 2.4 GHz Mahmote testbed, carried out under indoor non-line-of-sight conditions, shows that the proposed 868 MHz configuration achieves a MAC-layer Packet Delivery Ratio of approximately 96.6%, compared with approximately 91.2% for the 2.4 GHz baseline, while reducing the MAC-layer drop ratio from approximately 0.073 to 0.035. These results indicate that the proposed sub-band-aware 6TiSCH framework provides improved link reliability, reduced retransmission overhead, and better acknowledgment efficiency, while remaining fully compliant with ETSI regulatory constraints. Within the scope of a single-hop prototype validation, the framework offers a practical pathway toward energy-aware, spectrum-compliant 868 MHz smart metering deployments in European AMI scenarios.

Anahtar Kelimeler

6TiSCH, 868 MHz, Smart grid, Smart metering, Sub-GHz communication

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

125E444

Etik Beyan

The authors of this article declare that the materials and methods used in this study do not require ethics committee approval and/or legal-special permission.

Teşekkür

This work is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under the 3501 Career Development Program (Project No. 125E444). The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to Mavi Alp Information Technologies, Trabzon, Türkiye, for their valuable support in hardware design, system implementation, and field deployment.

Kaynakça

  1. Bae, C., Yang, S., Baddeley, M., Elsts, A., & Haque, I. (2022). BlueTiSCH: A multi-PHY simulation of low-power 6TiSCH IoT networks. In Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) (pp. 4280–4285). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10001254
  2. Brachmann, M., Duquennoy, S., Tsiftes, N., & Voigt, T. (2019). IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH in Sub-GHz: Design Considerations and Multi-band Support. 2019 IEEE 44th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCN44214.2019.8990806
  3. Bunn, M. V., Mafra, S. B., Souza, R. D., & Moritz, G. L. (2023). Exploiting Simultaneous Multi-Band Operation to Improve 6TiSCH Reliability and Latency. Journal of Communication and Information Systems, 38(1), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2023.18
  4. European Telecommunications Standards Institute. (2010). Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz frequency range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods (ETSI EN 300 220-1 V2.3.1).https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300200_300299/30022001/02.03.01_60/en_30022001v020301p.pdf
  5. Fanucchi, D., Staehle, B., & Knorr, R. (2020). On the suitability of 6TiSCH for industrial wireless communication. In J. Jasperneite & V. Lohweg (Eds.), Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation (pp. 34–48). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59895-5_3
  6. Gormus, S., Aydin, H., Aydin, B., & Dereli, I. H. (2025). Towards reliable and secure metering: Implementing OSCORE over 6TiSCH for smart grid advanced metering infrastructure systems. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 43, 101892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2025.101892
  7. Kabalci, Y. (2019). IEEE 802.15.4 technologies for smart grids. In E. Kabalci & Y. Kabalci (Eds.), Smart grids and their communication systems (pp. 531–550). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1768-2_15
  8. Kubaszek, M., Macheta, J., Krzak, Ł., & Worek, C. (2020). The analysis of energy consumption in 6TiSCH network nodes working in sub-GHz band. International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, 66(1), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2020.131864
  9. Lekić, M., & Gardašević, G. (2021). Performance evaluation of 6TiSCH network with multiple physical layers. In 2021 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom) (pp. 138–142). https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom53780.2021.9593227
  10. Marsic V, Amietszajew T, Igic P, Faramehr S, & Fleming J. (2022) DC Power Line Communication (PLC) on 868 MHz and 2.4 GHz Wired RF Transceivers. Sensors, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22052043

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ağ Oluşturma ve İletişim

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

3 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

24 Ocak 2026

Kabul Tarihi

31 Temmuz 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1870932

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA45LS35ZP

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex
APA
Aydın, H., Aydın, B., Tunç, D., & Görmüş, S. (2026). Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(3), 802-816. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1870932
AMA
1.Aydın H, Aydın B, Tunç D, Görmüş S. Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;16(3):802-816. doi:10.17714/gumusfenbil.1870932
Chicago
Aydın, Hakan, Burak Aydın, Deniz Tunç, ve Sedat Görmüş. 2026. “Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16 (3): 802-16. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1870932.
EndNote
Aydın H, Aydın B, Tunç D, Görmüş S (01 Ağustos 2026) Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16 3 802–816.
IEEE
[1]H. Aydın, B. Aydın, D. Tunç, ve S. Görmüş, “Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy 3, ss. 802–816, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.17714/gumusfenbil.1870932.
ISNAD
Aydın, Hakan - Aydın, Burak - Tunç, Deniz - Görmüş, Sedat. “Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 16/3 (01 Ağustos 2026): 802-816. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1870932.
JAMA
1.Aydın H, Aydın B, Tunç D, Görmüş S. Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;16:802–816.
MLA
Aydın, Hakan, vd. “Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy 3, Ağustos 2026, ss. 802-16, doi:10.17714/gumusfenbil.1870932.
Vancouver
1.Hakan Aydın, Burak Aydın, Deniz Tunç, Sedat Görmüş. Experimental prototype study for 868 MHz 6TiSCH-based smart meter reading. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 01 Ağustos 2026;16(3):802-16. doi:10.17714/gumusfenbil.1870932

e-ISSN: 2146-538X   Yayın Modeli: Sürekli Yayın   Atıf Dizinleri: TR Dizin , SCOPUS