Investigation of Amounts of Glutathione and Vitamins with Total Antioxidant Capacity in Leaves of Plant Tragopogon reticulatus

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 78 - 86, 12.02.2015

Ebru Çöteli Fikret Karataş

https://doi.org/10.17714/gufbed.2015.05.007

Cited By: 3

Öz

Interest in native plants is increasing every day. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the amounts of vitamins, beta-carotene, glutathione and the total antioxidant capacity in forage plants (Tragopogon reticulatus) comsumed as either raw or cooked foods. In this study the amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) with vitamin A, vitamin E, Beta-carotene, vitamin C, thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B₁), riboflavin (vitamin B₂), nicotinic acid (vitamin B₃), pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B₆) and folic acid (vitamin B₉) in leaves of Tragopogon reticulatus sample were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The total amounts of the phenolic and flavonoid contents in leaves of plant samples were determined by spectrophotometric methods. In addition, the free radical scavenging effect of the plant extract was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) and this effect was compared with the of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) known as standard antioxidant.  While the amounts of GSSG, vitamins B₃, B₆ and C in the leaves of Tragopogon reticulatus sample were found to be high, the amounts of GSH, β-carotene, vitamins A, E, B₁, B₂ and B₉ were low. Free radical scavenging effect was determined as 46.56 ± 0.79 (%) and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to BHT. As a result, the Tragopogon reticulatus plant leaves have rich source of glutathione (GSH, GSSG), β-carotene, vitamins C, B₂, B₃ and B₆ phenolic and flavonoid contents therefore we can said that it has a strong antioxidant effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tragopogon reticulatus; Glutathione; Vitamins and Total Antioxidant Capacity

Yemlik (Tragopogon reticulatus) Bitkisinin Yapraklarındaki Glutatyon ve Vitaminler ile Toplam Antioksidan Kapasitenin Araştırılması

Öz

Doğal bitkilere olan ilgi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Çalışmada yemlik (Tragopogon reticulatus) bitkisinin yapraklarındaki indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH), yükseltgenmiş glutatyon (GSSG) ile A vitamini, E vitamini, β-karoten, C vitamini, tiamin klorür (B₁ vitamini), riboflavin (B₂ vitamini), nikotinik asit (B₃ vitamini), pridoksin klorür (B₆ vitamini) ve folik asit (B₉ vitamini) vitaminlerinin miktarları Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (HPLC) ile belirlendi. Bitki yapraklarının toplam fenolik ve flavonoit miktarları spektrofotometrik ölçümlerle tespit edildi. Bunlara ek olarak bitki ekstraktının serbest radikal temizleme etkisi 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) kullanılarak ölçüldü ve bu etki standart antioksidanlığı bilinen bütilhidroksitoluen (BHT) ile kıyaslandı. Yemlik (Tragopogon reticulatus) bitkisinin yapraklarındaki GSSG, B₃, B₆ ve C vitaminlerinin miktarları yüksek iken GSH, β-karoten, A, E, B₁, B₂ ve B₉ vitaminlerinin miktarları ise düşük bulundu. Örneklerdeki toplam fenolik miktarı mg/g gallik asit eşdeğeri, toplam flavonoit miktarı ise mg/g kuersetin eşdeğeri olarak belirlendi. Serbest radikal temizleme etkisi ise 46,56 ± 0,79 (%) olarak belirlendi ve BHT’ye kıyasla anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0.05).

 Sonuç olarak elde edilen bulgulardan Yemlik (Tragopogon reticulatus) bitki yapraklarının, Glutatyon (GSH, GSSG), β-karoten, C vitamini, B₂, B₃ ve B₆ vitaminleri açısından iyi bir kaynak olduğu, içerdiği zengin fenolik ve flavonoit içeriğinden dolayı güçlü bir antioksidan etkiye sahip bitki olduğu da söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yemlik (Tragopogon reticulatus); Glutatyon; Vitaminler ve Toplam Antioksidan Kapasite

Kaynakça

• Aksoy, M., 2000, Beslenme Biyokimyası, Hatipoğlu Basım ve Yayım San. Tic. Ltd. Şti.,
• Ankara, 321-342s.
• Amidzic, R., Brboric, J., Cudina, O., ve Vladimirov, S., 2005, RP-HPLC Determination of vitamins B1, B3, B6, folic acid and B12 in multivitamin tablets, Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 70 (10): 1229-1235.
• Bahadır Acıkara Ö., Saltan Çitoğlu G., ve Çoban T., 2013, Evaluation of antioxidant properties of some tragopogon species growing in turkey, Turk J Pharm Sci 10 (3): 377-384.
• Baytop, T., 1984, Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fak.Yay., İstanbul.
• Bermudez-Soto, M.J., ve Tomas-Barberan, F.A., 2004, Evaluation of commercial red fruit juice concentrates as ingredients for antioxidant functional juices, Food Res. Technol., 219: 133-141.
• Brandwilliams, W., Cuvelier, M.E., ve Berset, C., 1995, Use of a free-radical method to antioxidant activity, Food Science and Technology-Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, 28: 25-30.
• Bunea, A., Andjelkovic, M., Socaciu, C., Bobis, O., Neacsu, M., Verhe, R., ve Camp, J.V., 2008, Total and individual carotenoids and phenolic acids content in fresh, refrigerated and processed spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Food Chemistry, 108: 649–656.
• Çöteli, E., Erden, Y., ve Karataş, F., 2013, Yarpuz (Mentha pulegium L.) bitkisindeki malondialdehit, glutatyon ve vitamin miktarları ile total antioksidan kapasitesinin araştırılması, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17 (2): 4-10.
• Dawes, P., ve Dawes, E., 2000, SGE Choromatography Products Catalog. pg: 182.
• Demir, H., 2006, Erzurum’da yetişen madımak, yemlik ve kızamık bitkilerinin bazı kimyasal bileşimi, Bahçe, 1/2: 55-60.
• El-Demerdash, F.M., Yousef, M.I., ve Kedwany, F.S., 2004, Cadmium-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, blood hematology, biochemical parameters and semen guality of male rats, protective role of vitamin E and carotene, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 42: 1562-1571.
• Karataş, F., Bektaş, İ., Birişik, A., Aydın, Z., ve Kurtul, A., 2011, Çiriş Otu’nda (Asphodelus aestivus L.) suda çözünen bazı bileşiklerin araştırılması, SDU Journal of Science (E-Journal), 6 (1): 35-39.
• Krinsky, N.I., ve Johnson, E.J., 2005, Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease, Mol. Aspects Med., 26: 459-516.
• Kucekova, Z., Mlcek, J., Humpolicek, P., Rop, O., Valasek, P ve Saha, P., 2011, Phenolic Compounds from Allium schoenoprasum, Tragopogon pratensis and Rumex acetosa and Their Antiproliferative Effects, Molecules. 16: 9207-9217.
• Leontowicz, M., Gorinstein, S., Leontowicz, H., Krzeminski, R., Lojek, A., Katrich, E., Cyıazy, M., Martin-Belloso, O., Soliva-Fortuny, R., Haruenkit, R., ve Trakhtenberg, S., 2003, Apple and pear peel and pulp and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in rats fed with cholesterol-containing diets, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51: 5780-5785.
• Markopoulou, C.K., Kagkadis, K.A., ve Koundourellis, J.E., 2002, An optimized method for the simultaneous determination of vitamins B1, B6, B12, in multivitamin tablets by high performance liquid chromatography, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 30: 1403-1410.
• Meister, A., 1984, New Aspects of Glutathione Biochemistry and Transport: Selective Alteration of Glutathione Metabolism, Nutr. Rew., 42 (12): 357-410.
• Miller, K.W., Lorr, N.A., ve Yang, C.S., 1984, Simultaneous determination of plazma retinol α-tocoferol, lycopene, α-carotene, and β-carotene by high performance liquid chromatography, Analytical Biochemistry, 138: 340-345.
• Mitic, V. D.; Stankov-Jovanovic, V. P.; Ilic, M. D.; et al. 2014. The antioxidant, hemolytic and cholinesterase inhibition properties of Galium verum L. and Tragopogon pratensis subsp pratensis, Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 46(2), 269-276
• Morrissey, P.A., Brandon, S., Buckley, D.J., Shehy, P.J.A., ve Frigg, M., 1997, Tissue content of alphatocopherol and oxidative stability of broilers receiving dietary alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplement for various periods pre-slaughter, Br. Poult. Sci., 38 (1): 84-88.
• Öztürk, M., ve Özçelik H., 1991, Doğu Anadolu’nun Faydalı Bitkileri, Siirt İlim Vakfı Yay., Ankara.
• Simopoulos, A.P., 2004, Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Antioxidants in Edible Wild Plants, Biol Res, 37: 263-277.
• Singleton, V.L., ve Rossi Jr, J.A., 1965, Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic acid reagents, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16: 144-158.
• Supelco Chromatography Products for Analysis & Purification (2005-2006) Sigma- Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Export Department Eschenstraße Taufkirchen, Germany, 169s.
• Tavazzi, B., Lazzarino, G., Di-Pierro, D., ve Giardina, B., 1992, Malondialdehyde production and ascorbate decrease are associated to the eperfusion of the isolated postischemic rat heart, Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 13: 75-78.
• Tulum, Y., 2007, B kompleks vitaminleri ve biyokimyası, Bitirme tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Bornova İzmir.
• URL-1, Yemlik Otu ve Faydaları, from http://www.haciahmetlitepekoy.com/tepekoyde-yetisen-bitki-turleri . 10.11.2014.
• URL-2, Köyümüzde yetişen bitkiler, from http://www.igdecikkoyu.com/index.php?option=com . 10.11.2014.
• Wojdylo, A., Oszmianskı, J., ve Czemerys, R., 2007, “Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs.”, Food Chemisrty, 105 (3): 940-949.
• Yıldırım, E., Dursun, A., ve Turan, M., 2001, Determination of the nutrition contents of the wild plants used as vegetables in upper Çoruh valley, Türk J. Bot., 25: 367-371.
• Yücel, E., Tapırdamaz, A., Şengün, İ.Y., Yılmaz, G., ve AK, A., 2011, Kisecik Kasabası (Karaman) ve çevresinde bulunan bazı yabani bitkilerin kullanım biçimleri ve besin öğesi içeriklerinin belirlenmesi, Biological Diversity and Conservation (BioDiCon), 4/3: 71-82.