Öz
Bilimsel problemlerin yanıtı her zaman net bir şekilde verilmeyebilir. Bu gibi durumlarda bilimsel ihtilafın ortaya çıkması kaçınılmazdır. Bunun bir örneği de mistik tecrübe ile sanrı gördüren ilaçların etkilerinin aynı olup olmadığı konusunda yaşanmaktadır. Böylesine ihtilaflı konular bilim sosyolojisinin alanına girmektedir. Bu çalışma, bilim sosyolojisi içinde önemli bir yer tutan, pozitivist ve konstrüktivist yaklaşımlar kullanarak söz konusu ihtilafı kısaca analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bilimsel İhtilaf Pozitivist Yaklaşım Konstrüktivist Yaklaşım LSD Mistik Tecrübe
Kaynakça
- AUSTIN James H., (2006), Zen Brain Reflections, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
- AYDIN Mehmet, (1999), Din Felsefesi, İzmir: İzmir İlahiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları.
- BAYER Ronald, (1987), Homosexuality and American Psychiatry: The Politics of Diagnosis, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- CHRISTIAN Rätsch, (2004), The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications, U.S: Park Street Press.
- DOBLIN Rick, (1991), “Panhke’s “Good Friday Experimnet” A Long-Term Follow-Up and Methodological Critque”, The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 1, http://www.neurosoup.com/pdf/doblin_goodfriday_followup.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 14.03.2014.
- ENGELHARDT, H.T., CAPLAN, A.L., (Ed)., Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Process-of-Science/49/Scientific-Controversy/181, Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2014.
- ENGELHART, H. Tristram, CAPLAN, Jr. & CAPLAN, Arthur, (2012), “İhtilaf ve ihtilafların Kapanma Modelleri: Bilginin, Değerlerin ve Politik Güçlerin Etkileşimi”, Bilimin Sınırları ve Bilimsel İhtilaflar, (Çev. ve Ed. Mihriban ŞENSES), s. 141-171, İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık.
- ERKULWATER, Dr Jennifer, MAYES, Dr Rick, BAGWELL, Dr Catherine, (2009), Medicating Children: ADHD and Pediatric Mental Health, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- FOX, Douglas, “The Limits of Intelligence”, Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-limits-of-intelligence, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2014.
- GRIFFITHS, R. R., RICHARDS, W. A., JOHNSON, M.W., McCANN, U.D., JESSE, R., (2008), “Mystical-Type Experiences Occasioned by Psilocybin Mediate the Attribution of Personal Meaning and Spiritual Significance 14 Months Later”, Journal of Psychophamacology, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi and Singapore: SAGE Publication Ltd, pp. 2-12, http://csp.org/psilocybin/Hopkins-CSP-Psilocybin2008.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.1014.
- GRINSPOON, Lester, BAKALAR, James. B. (Ed.), (1983), Psychedelic Reflections, New York: Human Sciences Press.
- GROF, Stanislav, (2009), LSD: Doorway to the Numinous: The Groundbreaking Psychedelic Research into Realms of the Human Unconscious, U.S.: Park Street Press.
- HUTTENLOCHER, P.R, COURTEN, C., (1987), “The Development of Synapses in Striate Cortex of Man”, Human Neurobiology, V. 6, pp. 1-9. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/3583840, Erişim Tarihi: 20.08.2014.
- MARTIN, Brain, EVELLEEN, Richards, (2012) “Bilimsel Bilgi, İhtilaf ve Kamusal Karar Alma”, Bilimin Sınırları ve Bilimsel İhtilaflar, (Çev. ve Ed. Mihriban ŞENSES), s. 171-197, İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık.
- MERTON, Robert K., (1938) Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth Century England, Osiris: The University of Chicago Press.
- NISBETT, R. E., ARONSON, J., BLAIR, C., DICKENS, W., FLYNN, J., HALPERN, D. F., TURKHEIMER E., (2012), “Group Differences in IQ Are Best Understood as Environmental in Origin”, American Psychologist, http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20Online%20CV/Nisbett%20(2012)%20Group.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2014.
- NORMAN, W. Storer, (Ed), (1973) The Sociology of Science: Theoretical Empirical Investigations, Chicago: The University of Chicago and Londan.
- ÖĞÜTLE, Vefa Saygın, BALKIZ, Bekir, (Ed.), (2010) “Bilim Sosyolojisi Üzerine Bazı Tespitler ve Gündem Önerileri”, Bilim Sosyolojisi İncelemeleri, s. 11-29, Ankara: Doğubatı Yayınları.
- PAHNKE, Walter N., (1963), Drugs and Mysticism: An Analysis of the Relationship between Psychedelic Drugs and the Mystical Consciousness, Harvard University, June. http://www.erowid.org/entheogens/journals/entheogens_journal3.shtml, Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2014.
- PREVIC, Fred H., (2006), “The Role of the Extrapersonal Brain Systems in Religious Activity”, Conscious Cognition, http://www.student.oulu.fi/~taneliha/%20/The_role_of_the_extrapersonal_brain_systems_in_religious_activity.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2014.
- STRASSMAN, Rick, (2001), DMT: The Spirit Molecule: A Doctor's Revolutionary Research into the Biology of Near-Death and Mystical Experiences, U.S.:Park Street Press.
- WILLIAM, J., (1902), The Varieties of Religion Experience, New York, Londra: Longmans, Gren and Co., http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/wjames/varieties-rel-exp.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 12.06.2014.
Öz
Answers to scientific problems may not be always clear-cut. In such cases, it is inevitable for scientific controversies to emerge. One example of this is discussed about whether the effects of mystical experience are the same as hallucination drugs. These kind of controversial topics are included in sociology of science. This paper aims to analyze this controversial topic briefly by using positivist and constructivist approaches within sociology of science
Anahtar Kelimeler
Scientific Controversy Positivist Approach Constructivist Approach LSD Mystical
Kaynakça
- AUSTIN James H., (2006), Zen Brain Reflections, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
- AYDIN Mehmet, (1999), Din Felsefesi, İzmir: İzmir İlahiyat Fakültesi Vakfı Yayınları.
- BAYER Ronald, (1987), Homosexuality and American Psychiatry: The Politics of Diagnosis, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- CHRISTIAN Rätsch, (2004), The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications, U.S: Park Street Press.
- DOBLIN Rick, (1991), “Panhke’s “Good Friday Experimnet” A Long-Term Follow-Up and Methodological Critque”, The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 1, http://www.neurosoup.com/pdf/doblin_goodfriday_followup.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 14.03.2014.
- ENGELHARDT, H.T., CAPLAN, A.L., (Ed)., Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Process-of-Science/49/Scientific-Controversy/181, Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2014.
- ENGELHART, H. Tristram, CAPLAN, Jr. & CAPLAN, Arthur, (2012), “İhtilaf ve ihtilafların Kapanma Modelleri: Bilginin, Değerlerin ve Politik Güçlerin Etkileşimi”, Bilimin Sınırları ve Bilimsel İhtilaflar, (Çev. ve Ed. Mihriban ŞENSES), s. 141-171, İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık.
- ERKULWATER, Dr Jennifer, MAYES, Dr Rick, BAGWELL, Dr Catherine, (2009), Medicating Children: ADHD and Pediatric Mental Health, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- FOX, Douglas, “The Limits of Intelligence”, Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-limits-of-intelligence, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2014.
- GRIFFITHS, R. R., RICHARDS, W. A., JOHNSON, M.W., McCANN, U.D., JESSE, R., (2008), “Mystical-Type Experiences Occasioned by Psilocybin Mediate the Attribution of Personal Meaning and Spiritual Significance 14 Months Later”, Journal of Psychophamacology, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi and Singapore: SAGE Publication Ltd, pp. 2-12, http://csp.org/psilocybin/Hopkins-CSP-Psilocybin2008.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.1014.
- GRINSPOON, Lester, BAKALAR, James. B. (Ed.), (1983), Psychedelic Reflections, New York: Human Sciences Press.
- GROF, Stanislav, (2009), LSD: Doorway to the Numinous: The Groundbreaking Psychedelic Research into Realms of the Human Unconscious, U.S.: Park Street Press.
- HUTTENLOCHER, P.R, COURTEN, C., (1987), “The Development of Synapses in Striate Cortex of Man”, Human Neurobiology, V. 6, pp. 1-9. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/3583840, Erişim Tarihi: 20.08.2014.
- MARTIN, Brain, EVELLEEN, Richards, (2012) “Bilimsel Bilgi, İhtilaf ve Kamusal Karar Alma”, Bilimin Sınırları ve Bilimsel İhtilaflar, (Çev. ve Ed. Mihriban ŞENSES), s. 171-197, İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık.
- MERTON, Robert K., (1938) Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth Century England, Osiris: The University of Chicago Press.
- NISBETT, R. E., ARONSON, J., BLAIR, C., DICKENS, W., FLYNN, J., HALPERN, D. F., TURKHEIMER E., (2012), “Group Differences in IQ Are Best Understood as Environmental in Origin”, American Psychologist, http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20Online%20CV/Nisbett%20(2012)%20Group.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2014.
- NORMAN, W. Storer, (Ed), (1973) The Sociology of Science: Theoretical Empirical Investigations, Chicago: The University of Chicago and Londan.
- ÖĞÜTLE, Vefa Saygın, BALKIZ, Bekir, (Ed.), (2010) “Bilim Sosyolojisi Üzerine Bazı Tespitler ve Gündem Önerileri”, Bilim Sosyolojisi İncelemeleri, s. 11-29, Ankara: Doğubatı Yayınları.
- PAHNKE, Walter N., (1963), Drugs and Mysticism: An Analysis of the Relationship between Psychedelic Drugs and the Mystical Consciousness, Harvard University, June. http://www.erowid.org/entheogens/journals/entheogens_journal3.shtml, Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2014.
- PREVIC, Fred H., (2006), “The Role of the Extrapersonal Brain Systems in Religious Activity”, Conscious Cognition, http://www.student.oulu.fi/~taneliha/%20/The_role_of_the_extrapersonal_brain_systems_in_religious_activity.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2014.
- STRASSMAN, Rick, (2001), DMT: The Spirit Molecule: A Doctor's Revolutionary Research into the Biology of Near-Death and Mystical Experiences, U.S.:Park Street Press.
- WILLIAM, J., (1902), The Varieties of Religion Experience, New York, Londra: Longmans, Gren and Co., http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/wjames/varieties-rel-exp.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 12.06.2014.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Ekim 2014 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Ocak 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014 |
Cited By
Senkretik ve Marjinal Bir Hareket Olarak Yahudi Yenilenmesi Hareketi
Pamukkale Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17859/pauifd.1174247
Tarandığımız Dizinler:
e-ISSN: 2148-5232