Conceptual Foundations of a Community-Based Mental Health Approach in the Thought of Ibn Khaldun

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 629 - 638, 27.10.2025

Tarık Tuna Gözütok

https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1698729

Öz

This study presents a conceptual and historical comparison between the theory of society based on asabiyyah found in Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah and contemporary community-based mental health approaches. The community-based mental health approach conceptualizes an individual's psychological well-being not solely through biological or individual factors but also in relation to social, cultural, and economic contexts. Ibn Khaldun’s characterization of the individual as a social being, his association of mental states with social conditions, and his consideration of individual mental health within the cyclical developmental stages of societies show parallels with certain aspects of modern psychosocial models in psychiatry. In this paper, Ibn Khaldun’s concept of asabiyyah is compared with notions of social capital and support systems, while his theory of ilm al-‘umrān (science of civilization) is examined in relation to anomie, burnout, and trauma psychology. The psychological effects of social transformation on the individual are discussed through historical examples, addressing factors such as power vacuums, migration, and social collapse and their consequences for individual mental well-being. In this context, Ibn Khaldun’s thought not only offers a classical understanding of history but can also be viewed as a pioneering approach that conceptualizes the individual’s psychological structure within a social framework. The study aims to demonstrate that Ibn Khaldun’s ideas can engage in a cultural and theoretical dialogue with modern psychiatry, offering a historical reference point for the cultural grounding of community-based mental health services. Ibn Khaldun's intellectual legacy has not only produced original ideas within a historical context but also provided a comprehensive and holistic framework that continues to inspire conceptual and structural contributions to contemporary problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ibn Khaldun , community-based mental health , asabiyye , umran

Toplum Temelli Ruh Sağlığı Yaklaşımının İbn Haldun’un Düşüncesinde Kavramsal İzleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada İbn Haldun’un Mukaddime adlı eserinde yer alan asabiyete dayalı toplum kuramı ile çağdaş toplum temelli ruh sağlığı yaklaşımları arasında kavramsal ve tarihsel bir karşılaştırma yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Toplum temelli ruh sağlığı yaklaşımı, bireyin psikolojik iyilik hâlini yalnızca biyolojik ya da bireysel faktörlerle sınırlı kalmadan toplumsal, kültürel ve ekonomik bağlamlarla ilişkilendirerek anlamlandırır. Benzer şekilde İbn Haldun’un da bireyi sosyal bir varlık olarak tanımlaması, onun ruh hâlini toplumsal koşullarla ilişkilendirmesi ve toplumların döngüsel gelişim evreleri içerisinde bireysel ruh sağlığını dikkate alması, modern psikiyatrideki psikososyal modellerle bazı noktalarda örtüşmektedir. Makalede İbn Haldun’un asabiyet kavramı sosyal sermaye ve destek sistemleriyle umran teorisi (ilm-i umran) ise anomi, tükenmişlik ve travma psikolojisiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Toplumsal dönüşümün birey üzerindeki ruhsal etkileri, tarihsel örnekler üzerinden ele alınmış ve otorite boşluğu, göç ve toplumsal çöküş gibi etkenlerin bireysel ruh sağlığı üzerindeki sonuçları tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda İbn Haldun’un düşüncesi yalnızca klasik bir tarih anlayışı sunmamış, aynı zamanda bireyin ruhsal yapısını toplumsal bağlamda kavramsallaştıran kayda değer bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilebilir. Çalışmada İbn Haldun’un fikirlerinin modern psikiyatriyle kültürel ve kuramsal düzeyde diyalog kurabileceğini gösterilerek toplum temelli ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin kültürel temellendirilmesinde tarihsel bir referans noktası sunduğunu ortaya konmaya çalışılmaktadır. İbn Haldun’un düşünsel mirası; sadece tarihsel bağlamda özgün fikirler ortaya koymakla sınırlı kalmamış, aynı zamanda günümüzdeki sorunlara da kavramsal ve yapısal düzeyde ilham verebilecek kapsamlı ve bütüncül bir çerçeve sunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İbn Haldun , toplum temelli ruh sağlığı , asabiyet , umran

Kaynakça

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